Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides and chlorophenols in rain and snow
Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides and chlorophenols in rain and snow
复制标题
DOI：
10.1039/an9941901135
复制
发表时间：
1994
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
S. Fingler;B. Tkalčević;Z. Fröbe;V. Drevenkar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Fingler;B. Tkalčević;Z. Fröbe;V. Drevenkar
对克罗地亚萨格勒布市城区和郊区/半农村地区采集的雨雪样品中的多氯联苯、有机氯农药和氯苯酚进行了测量。用正己烷从过滤后的水样和过滤后的颗粒物中提取多氯联苯和有机氯农药。通过C18反相吸附，从雨雪水中积累了氯酚。使用电子捕获检测器对所有样品进行毛细管气相色谱分析。采用气相色谱-质谱法对雨雪水中的多氯二苯并二恶英(PCDDs)和二苯并呋喃(PCDf)进行了检测。所有水样(1-203 ng L-1)和颗粒物(40-4155 ng g-1)中均检出多氯联苯。由于林丹的定期局部使用，所有雨雪水(1-36 ng L-1)和颗粒物(7-512ngg-1)样品中唯一存在的有机氯农药是γ-六六六。其水相浓度与采样期平均气温呈正相关。在大多数颗粒物样品中都检测到了滴滴涕类化合物，只在两个雨水样品中检测到了微量的滴滴涕类化合物。颗粒物中DDE：DDT的中位浓度比低于1，表明最近向大气中输入了DDT。二、三、四、五氯酚在雪地(单一化合物浓度11~527ngL-1)中的出现率和浓度均高于雨水(单一化合物浓度2~171ngL-1)。雪和雨中氯酚浓度随气温升高呈二次曲线下降。在雨雪水中均检测到了痕量的多氯二苯并二恶英和多氯二苯并呋喃，其中八氯联苯并二恶英的浓度最高(雪中L 2pg-1，雨中L 6pg-1)。
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides and chlorophenols were measured in samples of rain and snow collected at urban and suburban/semi-rural locations in the Zagreb City area, Croatia. PCBs and organochlorine pesticides were extracted with hexane from filtered aqueous samples and from particulate matter isolated by filtration. Chlorophenols were accumulated from rain and snow water by C18 reversed-phase adsorption. All samples were analysed by capillary gas chromatography using an electron-capture detector. Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in rain and snow water were checked by gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis of combined hexane extracts. PCBs were detected in all water (<1–203 ng l–1) and particle (40–4155 ng g–1) samples. The only organochlorine pesticide present in all rain and snow water (1–36 ng l–1) and in particle (7–512 ng g–1) samples was γ-hexachlorocyclohexane as a consequence of the regular local usage of lindane. A positive correlation was found between its concentration in the water phase and the average air temperature during the sampling period. Compounds of the DDT-type, trace amounts of which were detected in only two rain water samples, were determined in most particle samples. The DDE : DDT median concentration ratio in particles was lower than unity and indicated a recent input of DDT into the atmosphere. The incidence and concentrations of di-, tri-, tetra- and pentachlorophenols were higher in snow (single compound concentration 11–527 ng l–1) than in rain (single compound concentration 2–171 ng l–1). A quadratic decrease in chlorophenol concentrations in snow and rain with increasing air temperature was observed. Trace amounts of PCDDs and PCDFs were detected in both rain and snow water samples and the highest concentrations were measured for octa-CDD (2 pg l–1 in snow and 6 pg l–1 in rain).