Oxidative Potential of Ambient Particulate Matter in Beirut during Saharan and Arabian Dust Events.
Oxidative Potential of Ambient Particulate Matter in Beirut during Saharan and Arabian Dust Events.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.06.016
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发表时间：
2018-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sioutas C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lovett C;Sowlat MH;Saliba NA;Shihadeh AL;Sioutas C
在这项研究中，我们研究了来自撒哈拉沙漠和阿拉伯沙漠的沙尘事件对黎巴嫩贝鲁特空气中颗粒物(PM)的氧化潜力的影响。对粉尘天气期间和非粉尘期间分离的细(<；2.5μm)和粗(2.5-10μm)PM样品进行了化学成分分析，并采用体外肺泡巨噬细胞(AM)试验测定了两种样品的氧化电位。我们进行了单个化学成分与PM氧化电位之间的Spearman秩次相关分析，以考察由于沙尘事件的发生而导致的PM化学成分变化对整个PM氧化电位的影响。我们的研究结果表明，贝鲁特城市PM在非沙尘期的氧化电位远高于细颗粒物的沙尘期我们的研究结果还表明，尾气排放的示踪剂(即元素(EC)和有机碳(OC))、非尾气排放(即重金属包括铜、锌、砷、镉和铅)以及二次有机气溶胶(即水溶性有机碳，WSOC)与沙尘日和非沙尘期间PM的氧化势显著相关。然而，沙漠沙尘气溶胶对贝鲁特本地PM组成的贡献并没有加剧其氧化潜力，这一点从PM的氧化潜力与沙尘日期间浓缩的地壳元素浓度之间的负相关中可以看出。这表明，撒哈拉和阿拉伯沙尘事件期间产生的气溶胶不会由于PM引发的活性氧物种的形成而对人口构成额外的健康风险。这些结果有助于我们理解沙漠沙尘气溶胶对整个中东地区受撒哈拉沙漠和阿拉伯沙漠沙尘事件影响的几个国家PM的组成和氧化势的影响。
In this study, we examine the oxidative potential of airborne particulate matter (PM) in Beirut, Lebanon, as influenced by dust events originating in the Sahara and Arabian deserts. Segregated fine (< 2.5 μm) and coarse (2.5–10 μm) PM samples collected during dust events, as well as during non-dust periods, were analyzed for chemical composition, and the in vitro alveolar macrophage (AM) assay was utilized to determine the oxidative potential of both types of samples. We performed Spearman rank-order correlation analysis between individual chemical components and the oxidative potential of PM to examine the impact of the changes in PM chemical composition due to the occurrence of dust events on overall PM oxidative potential. Our findings revealed that the oxidative potential of Beirut’s urban PM during non-dust periods was much higher than during dust episodes for fine PM. Our findings also indicated that tracers of tailpipe emissions (i.e., elemental (EC) and organic carbon (OC)), non-tailpipe emissions (i.e., heavy metals including Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb), and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) (i.e., water-soluble organic carbon, WSOC) were significantly associated with the oxidative potential of PM during dust days and non-dust periods. However, the contribution of desert dust aerosols to Beirut’s indigenous PM composition did not exacerbate its oxidative potential, as indicated by the negative correlations between the oxidative potential of PM and the concentrations of crustal elements that were enriched during the dust days. This suggests that aerosols generated during Saharan and Arabian dust events pose no additional health risk to the population due to PM-triggered reactive oxygen species formation. These results significantly contribute to our understanding of the effects of desert dust aerosols on the composition and oxidative potential of PM in several countries throughout the entire Middle East region that are impacted by dust events in the Sahara and Arabian deserts.
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