Increased production of piRNAs from euchromatic clusters and genes in Anopheles gambiae compared with Drosophila melanogaster.
Increased production of piRNAs from euchromatic clusters and genes in Anopheles gambiae compared with Drosophila melanogaster.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1186/s13072-015-0041-5
复制
发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Sharakhov IV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
George P;Jensen S;Pogorelcnik R;Lee J;Xing Y;Brasset E;Vaury C;Sharakhov IV
特定的基因组位点，称为Piwi相互作用RNA（piRNA）簇，产生的piRNAs可作为使互补转座元件（TEs）失活的向导。piRNA通路在黑腹果蝇中已被精确详细地研究，而在其他昆虫中研究仍不充分。该通路越来越被认为对生殖系发育和繁殖至关重要。了解蚊子中piRNA的功能可能为通过降低其繁殖潜力来控制疾病传播媒介提供机会。
为了分析果蝇和蚊子在该通路中的异同，我们对非洲疟疾传播媒介冈比亚按蚊中产生piRNAs的基因组位点及其靶标进行了深入分析。我们在冈比亚按蚊基因组中鉴定出187个piRNA簇，在黑腹果蝇基因组中鉴定出155个piRNA簇。我们证明，与果蝇相比，蚊子中更多的piRNA簇是单向转录的，且位于着丝粒周围异染色质之外。约11%的冈比亚按蚊piRNA群体定位到基因转录本。与黑腹果蝇中约6%定位到基因的piRNA群体相比，这是一个显著的增加。冈比亚按蚊中富含piRNA的基因的一个子集具有与繁殖和发育相关的功能。在冈比亚按蚊和黑腹果蝇中，分别至少有24%和65%的定位piRNAs对应于基因组TE序列。DNA转座子和非长末端重复序列（non - LTR）逆转录转座子在冈比亚按蚊中更为丰富，而长末端重复序列（LTR）逆转录转座子在黑腹果蝇中更为丰富。然而，在这两个物种中，piRNAs主要靶向LTR逆转录转座子，这可能表明与其他类型的TEs相比，这些元件在被piRNA通路沉默方面具有独特特征。
在此，我们证明产生piRNA的位点在冈比亚按蚊基因组中的分布比在黑腹果蝇基因组中更为普遍。此外，蛋白质编码基因在这种蚊子的生殖系中产生piRNAs的作用有所增加。参与冈比亚按蚊生殖系和胚胎发育的基因产生了大量的piRNAs，这表明piRNA通路在非洲疟疾传播媒介生殖过程的表观遗传调控中起作用。
本文的在线版本（doi:10.1186/s13072 - 015 - 0041 - 5）包含补充材料，授权用户可获取。
Specific genomic loci, termed Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) clusters, manufacture piRNAs that serve as guides for the inactivation of complementary transposable elements (TEs). The piRNA pathway has been accurately detailed in Drosophila melanogaster, while it remains poorly examined in other insects. This pathway is increasingly recognized as critical for germline development and reproduction. Understanding of the piRNA functions in mosquitoes could offer an opportunity for disease vector control by the reduction of their reproductive potential. To analyze the similarities and differences in this pathway between Drosophila and mosquito, we performed an in-depth analysis of the genomic loci producing piRNAs and their targets in the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. We identified 187 piRNA clusters in the An. gambiae genome and 155 piRNA clusters in the D. melanogaster genome. We demonstrate that many more piRNA clusters in the mosquito compared with the fruit fly are uni-directionally transcribed and are located outside pericentromeric heterochromatin. About 11 % of the An. gambiae piRNA population map to gene transcripts. This is a noticeable increase compared with the ~6 % of the piRNA population mapped to genes in D. melanogaster. A subset of the piRNA-enriched genes in An. gambiae has functions related to reproduction and development. At least 24 and 65 % of the mapped piRNAs correspond to genomic TE sequences in An. gambiae and D. melanogaster, respectively. DNA transposons and non-LTR retrotransposons are more abundant in An. gambiae, while LTR retrotransposons are more abundant in D. melanogaster. Yet, piRNAs predominantly target LTR retrotransposons in both species, which may point to a distinct feature of these elements compared to the other classes of TEs concerning their silencing by the piRNA pathway. Here, we demonstrate that piRNA-producing loci have more ubiquitous distribution in the An. gambiae genome than in the genome of D. melanogaster. Also, protein-coding genes have an increased role in production of piRNAs in the germline of this mosquito. Genes involved in germline and embryonic development of An. gambiae generate a substantial portion of piRNAs, suggesting a role of the piRNA pathway in the epigenetic regulation of the reproductive processes in the African malaria vector. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13072-015-0041-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Dufourt J;Pouchin P;Peyret P;Brasset E;Vaury C
通讯作者：
Vaury C