Potential Occupant Injury Reduction in the U.S. Vehicle Fleet for Lane Departure Warning-Equipped Vehicles in Single-Vehicle Crashes
Potential Occupant Injury Reduction in the U.S. Vehicle Fleet for Lane Departure Warning-Equipped Vehicles in Single-Vehicle Crashes
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DOI：
10.1080/15389588.2014.922684
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发表时间：
2014-09-26
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Gabler, Hampton C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kusano, Kristofer;Gorman, Thomas I.;Gabler, Hampton C.
目的：在美国，单车碰撞仅占所有乘客的10%，但这些碰撞占所有死亡人数的31%。随着其他车辆安全技术的进步，车道偏离警告（LDW）系统正在被引入，以减轻单车碰撞的有害影响。本研究的目的是量化2012年美国所有车辆配备LDW可以避免的撞车事故和重伤司机的数量。方法：为了评估LDW在车队中潜在的减少伤害效益，建立了一个综合碰撞和伤害仿真模型。该模型的基础是从NASS-CDS中提取的2012年的481次单车碰撞。每次碰撞都在两种情况下进行模拟：(1)发生时的情况；(2)驾驶员使用LDW系统时的情况。通过比较模拟车辆在LDW前后的越野轨迹，确定碰撞概率的降低程度。在碰撞中，乘员严重受伤的概率（最大简略伤害评分[MAIS] 3+）以离开速度和安全带使用作为预测因子的伤害风险曲线计算。每次碰撞都被模拟了18到216次，以考虑驾驶员的不同反应、道路和车辆状况。最后，对所有模拟中发生碰撞和驾驶员重伤的概率进行了总结，以确定LDW的效益。结果与结论：发生离境事故的道路多数为2车道且未分割。结果，58%的车祸没有肩部。LDW在没有路肩的道路上的效果不如在有大路肩的道路上。LDW可以潜在地防止28.9%的因司机偏离车道而导致的道路偏离事故，从而使严重受伤的司机人数减少24.3%。本研究结果表明，如果广泛采用LDW，可以显著减轻一种有害的碰撞类型。更大的肩宽和车道标记的存在，通过人工检查现场照片来确定，提高了LDW的有效性。这一结果表明，应该修改公路系统，通过扩大肩部和定期粉刷车道线来最大化LDW的有效性。
Objective: Single-vehicle collisions involve only 10 percent of all occupants in crashes in the United States, yet these same crashes account for 31 percent of all fatalities. Along with other vehicle safety advancements, lane departure warning (LDW) systems are being introduced to mitigate the harmful effects of single-vehicle collisions. The objective of this study is to quantify the number of crashes and seriously injured drivers that could have been prevented in the United States in 2012 had all vehicles been equipped with LDW.Methods: In order to estimate the potential injury reduction benefits of LDW in the vehicle fleet, a comprehensive crash and injury simulation model was developed. The model's basis was 481 single-vehicle collisions extracted from the NASS-CDS for year 2012. Each crash was simulated in 2 conditions: (1) as it occurred and (2) as if the driver had an LDW system. By comparing the simulated vehicle's off-road trajectory before and after LDW, the reduction in the probability of a crash was determined. The probability of a seriously injured occupant (Maximum Abbreviated Injury Score [MAIS] 3+) given a crash was computed using injury risk curves with departure velocity and seat belt use as predictors. Each crash was simulated between 18 and 216times to account for variable driver reaction, road, and vehicle conditions. Finally, the probability of a crash and seriously injured driver was summed over all simulations to determine the benefit of LDW.Results and Conclusions: A majority of roads where departure crashes occurred had 2 lanes and were undivided. As a result, 58 percent of crashes had no shoulder. LDW will not be as effective on roads with no shoulder as on roads with large shoulders. LDW could potentially prevent 28.9 percent of all road departure crashes caused by the driver drifting out of his or her lane, resulting in a 24.3 percent reduction in the number of seriously injured drivers.The results of this study show that LDW, if widely adopted, could significantly mitigate a harmful crash type. Larger shoulder width and the presence of lane markings, determined by manual examination of scene photographs, increased the effectiveness of LDW. This result suggests that highway systems should be modified to maximize LDW effectiveness by expanding shoulders and regularly painting lane lines.