Global Patterns of Zoonotic Disease in Mammals.
Global Patterns of Zoonotic Disease in Mammals.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pt.2016.04.007
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发表时间：
2016-07
影响因子：
9.6
通讯作者：
Drake JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Han BA;Kramer AM;Drake JM
随着人畜共患病的频率和流行率在全球范围内的增加，调查哺乳动物宿主分布如何决定人类疾病的模式，并预测哪些地区未来人畜共患病出现的风险最大，这两个目标都需要更好地了解当前人畜共患病宿主和病原体的分布。我们在这里回顾现有的数据，哺乳动物宿主物种，比较和对比这些模式对全球地图的人畜共患病的主机从所有27个订单的陆生哺乳动物。我们讨论了前六个物种最丰富的哺乳动物群体的宿主物种的人畜共患病的潜力，并回顾文献，以确定分析和概念上的差距，必须解决，以提高我们的能力，以产生可测试的预测来自野生哺乳动物的人畜共患病。预测人畜共患病事件仍然是一个突出的科学挑战。针对动物源性（人畜共患）病原体引起的新发传染病事件日益频繁，最近的进展评估了人类传染病的地理分布模式。哺乳动物传播的人畜共患病在新兴的人类疾病中的不成比例的代表性引发了对哺乳动物宿主的研究重点，因为对哺乳动物宿主分布的更好理解可能会导致对人畜共患病出现的未来热点的更好预测。除了动物宿主和人类疾病的空间分布之外，“疾病风险”的概念也是一个深入分析的主题，并且已经在后见之明的基础上进行了量化，其中经历频繁或严重人类疾病事件的地区被归类为拥有许多相互作用以增加疾病风险的因素。
As the frequency and prevalence of zoonotic diseases increase worldwide, investigating how mammal host distributions determine patterns of human disease and predicting which regions are at greatest risk for future zoonotic disease emergence are two goals which both require better understanding of the current distributions of zoonotic hosts and pathogens. We review here the existing data about mammalian host species, comparing and contrasting these patterns against global maps of zoonotic hosts from all 27 orders of terrestrial mammals. We discuss the zoonotic potential of host species from the top six most species-rich mammal groups, and review the literature to identify analytical and conceptual gaps that must be addressed to improve our ability to generate testable predictions about zoonotic diseases originating from wild mammals. Predicting zoonotic disease events remains a prominent scientific challenge. In response to increasing frequency of emerging infectious disease events caused by animal-borne (zoonotic) pathogens, recent advances assess the biogeographic patterns of human infectious diseases. A disproportionate representation of mammal-borne zoonoses among emerging human disease has sparked research emphasis on mammal reservoirs because improved understanding of mammal host distributions may lead to improved predictions of future hotspots for zoonotic disease emergence. In addition to spatial distributions of animal hosts and human disease, the concept of ‘disease risk’ is a topic of intense analysis, and has been quantified on the basis of hindsight where regions undergoing frequent or intense human disease events are categorized as possessing numerous factors that interact to increase disease risk.