Early adversity contributes to chronic stress induced depression-like behavior in adolescent male rhesus monkeys
Early adversity contributes to chronic stress induced depression-like behavior in adolescent male rhesus monkeys
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早期逆境导致青春期雄性恒河猴慢性压力诱发抑郁样行为
DOI：
10.1016/j.bbr.2016.03.040
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发表时间：
2016-06-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Hu, Xin-tian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang, Zhi-yi;Mao, Yu;Hu, Xin-tian
慢性压力是抑郁症的重要原因。然而，并不是每个长期处于压力下的人都会患上抑郁症。我们以前的研究表明，早期的逆境可以导致青春期恒河猴的持久变化，但尚未观察到抑郁症状。与成年人相比，青少年恒河猴经历早期逆境是否更容易出现抑郁症状仍是未知数。本研究首次探讨了早期逆境、慢性应激与青少年抑郁的长期关系。8只雄性恒河猴在母亲分离（MS）或母亲饲养（MR）条件下饲养。所有人在四岁时都经历了两个月不可预测的慢性压力。应激源包括空间限制、恐吓、长时间照明和禁食。在实验过程中收集行为和生理数据。结果表明，与MR组相比，MS组大鼠在1个月慢性应激后自主活动显著减少，蜷缩行为和刻板行为显著增加。此外，这一趋势在第二个月继续，甚至恶化。应激2个月后，MS组毛发皮质醇水平显著升高，体重显著降低。这些结果表明，早期的逆境是一个环境因素，可以增加抑郁的易感性时，在以后的生活中经历慢性应激。这将进一步阐明早期环境因素在青少年抑郁症发生发展中的重要作用，儿童养育条件应受到更多关注。(C)2016爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
Chronic stress is an important cause for depression. However, not everyone who is exposed to chronic stress will develop depression. Our previous studies demonstrated that early adversity can cause lasting changes in adolescent rhesus monkeys, but depressive symptoms have not been observed. Compared to adults, it is still unknown that whether adolescent rhesus monkeys experiencing early adversity are more likely to develop depressive symptoms. In this study, we investigated the long term relationship between early adversity, chronic stress and adolescent depression for the first time. Eight male rhesus monkeys were reared in maternal separation (MS) or mother-reared (MR) conditions. All of them went through unpredictable chronic stress for two months at their age four. The stressors included space restriction, intimidation, long illumination and fasting. Behavioral and physiological data were collected during the experiment. The results showed that, compared with the MR group, the locomotor activity of MS group was significantly decreased after one month of chronic stress while huddling up and stereotypical behaviors were significantly increased. Moreover, this trend continued and even worsened at the second month. Significantly higher hair cortisol levels and lower body weight were observed in MS group after two months of stress. These results indicate that early adversity is one of the environmental factors which can increase the susceptibility of depression when experiencing chronic stress in the later life. This will further clarify the important roles of early environmental factors in the development of adolescent depression and children rearing conditions should receive more attention. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.