Neuronal dark matter: the emerging role of microRNAs in neurodegeneration.

Neuronal dark matter: the emerging role of microRNAs in neurodegeneration.
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DOI:
10.3389/fncel.2013.00178
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发表时间:
2013-10-10
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Shaw PJ
Shaw PJ
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Goodall EF;Heath PR;Bandmann O;Kirby J;Shaw PJ

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微小RNA(miRNAs)是小而丰富的RNA分子,构成细胞非编码RNA“暗物质”的一部分。近年来,miRNA的发现彻底改变了基因表达的传统观点,我们对miRNA生物发生和功能的理解也有所扩展。miRNA的表达改变越来越被认为是许多疾病状态的特征,包括神经退行性疾病。本文就miRNA功能障碍在阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)和亨廷顿病发病机制中的作用进行综述。我们强调基因调控网络的复杂性,以及系统研究的必要性,比迄今为止报道的更大的样本队列,以揭示疾病中最重要的miRNA调控因子。最后,miRNA的多样性及其靶向多个通路的潜力为miRNA作为神经退行性疾病的生物标志物和治疗剂提供了新的临床应用。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, abundant RNA molecules that constitute part of the cell's non-coding RNA “dark matter.” In recent years, the discovery of miRNAs has revolutionised the traditional view of gene expression and our understanding of miRNA biogenesis and function has expanded. Altered expression of miRNAs is increasingly recognized as a feature of many disease states, including neurodegeneration. Here, we review the emerging role for miRNA dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Huntington's disease pathogenesis. We emphasize the complex nature of gene regulatory networks and the need for systematic studies, with larger sample cohorts than have so far been reported, to reveal the most important miRNA regulators in disease. Finally, miRNA diversity and their potential to target multiple pathways, offers novel clinical applications for miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic agents in neurodegenerative diseases.
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