Use of Surface Seismic Patches for Hydraulic Fracture Monitoring
Use of Surface Seismic Patches for Hydraulic Fracture Monitoring
复制标题
使用地面地震补丁进行水力裂缝监测
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Robertsson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Schilke;T. Probert;I. Bradford;A. Özbek;J. Robertsson
2011年，斯伦贝谢和一家独立运营商共同获得了Fayetteville页岩压裂作业的综合数据集：从储层到地面，再到整个地面，跟踪了信号和噪声。分析了地面、浅井地震阵列以及井下地震阵列等替代监测技术的性能。对不同地震阵列上的噪声级进行了表征，并采用了适当的衰减技术。此外，利用线性和非线性叠加方法提高了信号的信噪比。应用coalesense微地震填图算法对微地震事件进行定位表明，准确的震源定位需要精确的速度模型和一致的对准信号。相干噪声、信号不足或噪声识别是影响定位不确定性的关键因素。虽然表面线段受益于较大的接收器孔径，但其堆叠的信噪比通常仅略高于使用线性堆叠方法的表面斑块堆叠。然而，使用曲面线定位源更准确。然而，表面贴片很容易部署，因此只要记录足够的信号，并在叠加和源扫描之前应用降噪方法，它们最终可能成为首选的表面监测配置。
In 2011 Schlumberger and an independent operator jointly acquired a comprehensive dataset of hydraulic fracturing operations which stimulated the Fayetteville shale: signal and noise were tracked from reservoir to surface and then across the surface. The performance of alternative monitoring technologies such as surface and shallow borehole seismic arrays as well as a downhole seismic array are analyzed. The noise levels on the different seismic arrays are characterized and appropriate attenuation techniques are applied. Furthermore linear and non-linear stacking methods are utilized to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The application of the Coalescense Microseismic Mapping algorithm to locate microseismic events concludes that an accurate source location requires an accurate velocity model together with consistent and aligned signal. Coherent noise, insufficient signal or noise discrimination are key factors influencing location uncertainty. Although surface line segments benefit from larger receiver apertures, SNRs of their stacks were usually only slightly higher than from stacks of surface patches using linear stacking methods. However, source localization is more accurate using surface lines. Nevertheless, surface patches are easily deployable so provided sufficient signal is recorded and noise attenuation methods are applied prior to stacking and source scanning, they may ultimately become the preferred surface monitoring configuration.