TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG FISHES AND PLANKTON IN THE LAGOON AT ENEWETAK ATOLL, MARSHALL ISLANDS
TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG FISHES AND PLANKTON IN THE LAGOON AT ENEWETAK ATOLL, MARSHALL ISLANDS
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马绍尔群岛埃尼威塔克环礁泻湖中鱼类和浮游生物的营养关系
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发表时间：
1978
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Chess
中科院分区：
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作者：
E. Hobson;J. Chess
在埃尼威塔克的近岸泻湖鱼类和动物之间的营养关系有很大的不同，白天和黑夜之间，强烈的电流模式的影响。大多数昼行性食鱼的成鱼在某些潮汐流强的地方数量众多，但在潮汐流一直较弱的地方数量很少。因此，海鲈鱼，Mirolabrichtfiys pascalus;笛鲷Pterocaesio tile;和豆娘鱼（Chromis agilis，C. caerulea、蓝斑隐翅虫C. lepidolepis，C.在靠近河口的强流区，有大量的蓝冠雀鲷（Pomacentrus coelestus），而在靠近岛屿或暗礁背风面的弱流区，蓝冠雀鲷（Pomacentrus coelestus）数量较少或不存在。前一地区盛产这些鱼类的主要猎物桡足类、幼体和鱼卵，后一地区则贫乏。另一方面，靠近岛屿和珊瑚礁背风面的动物园贫乏的沃茨富含珊瑚礁的碎屑，可以靠这些物质生存的鱼类也很丰富。网纹石首鱼在这里数量众多，尽管其数量比水流强的地方少，但它以藻类碎片作为重要的食物，如果是次要的话。乌氏雀鲷在水流强的地方和水流弱的地方数量都一样多，它主要以藻类碎片为食，鲍氏雀鲷也是如此，它在这里的数量比水流强的地方多。相比之下，主要的夜间食虫动物集中在水流较弱的地方，但在水流较强的地方相对稀疏。其中包括：多棱鳞鲀Myripristispralinus和多棱鳞鲀M. uiolaceus，和天竺鲷Apogon gmcilis（幼鱼也白天摄食）、天竺鲷A. nouaeguinae和A. Suuayensis。它们是严格意义上的食肉动物，主要捕食大型的动物，包括大型的哲水蚤、糠虾、等足类、钩虾、幼体后的carideans和brachyuran megalops-absent（除了糠虾）在近岸水域白天。这些被捕食的生物通常会在强水流的地方发现不利的条件。它们大多数在白天在特定的近岸底层上或附近避难，只在晚上进入水柱;但其他人在白天在离岸较深的水域，在夜间上升到水面后向近岸移动。有限的证据表明，反食性的幼鱼和仔鱼，以及它们赖以为生的小鱼，遵循的模式与较大个体所遵循的模式不同。
Trophic relationships among fishes and zooplankters in the nearshore lagoon at Enewetak differ sharply between day and night, and are strongly influenced by current patterns. Adults of most diurnal planktivorous fishes are numerous in certain places where tidal currents are strong, but few where such currents are consistently weak. Thus, the sea bass, Mirolabrichtfiys pascalus; the snapper Pterocaesio tile; and the damselfishes (Chromis agilis, C. caerulea, C. lepidolepis, C. margaritifer, and Pomacentrus coelestus) are numerous in strong-current areas near interisland passes, but relatively few or absent in weak-current areas close in the lee of islands or interisland reefs. The former areas are rich, the latter poor, in the major prey of these fishes-copepods, larvaceans, and fish eggs. On the other hand, the zooplankton-poor waters close in the lee of islands and interisland reefs are rich in debris fmm the reefs, and fishes that can subsist on these materials are abundant. Dascyllus reticulatus is numerous here, although less sc than where currents are strong, and takes algal fragments as an important, if secondary, part of its diet; Pomacentrus uaiuli, equally abundant in both strong and weak-current areas, feeds largely on algal fragments, as does P. pauo, which is more numerous here than where currents are strong. In contrast, the major nocturnal planktivores are concentrated where currents are weak, but relatively sparse where these currents are strong. Included are: the soldier fishes Myripristispralinus and M. uiolaceus, and the cardinalfishes Apogon gmcilis (young also feed by day), A. nouaeguinae, and A. suuayensis. They are strictly carnivores that prey mostly on larger zooplankters-including large calanoids, mysids, isopods, gammarids, postlarval carideans, and brachyuran megalops-absent (except for the mysids) in the nearshore water column by day. These prey organisms generally find conditions unfavorable where strong currents flow. Most of them are sheltered on or near specific nearshore substrata during the day and enter the water column only at night; but others are in deeper water offshore by day and move inshore at night after rising toward the surface. Limited evidence indicat,es that planktivorous juvenile and larval fishes, as well as the tiny plankters on which they feed, follow patterns different from those followed by larger individuals.