Bodystorming: effects of collaboration and familiarity on improvising contemporary dance
Bodystorming: effects of collaboration and familiarity on improvising contemporary dance
复制标题
身体风暴：协作和熟悉对即兴当代舞的影响
作者：
C. Stevens;J. Leach
在当代舞蹈中，认知事件并不一定局限于“个体的皮肤或头骨”（Hutchins In Int Encycl Soc Behav Sci 2068-2072, 2001），而是在协作即兴创作中分布在舞者之间。有一些实验证据表明，当人们单独完成解决问题的任务时，产出会更高。然而，当一项任务具有挑战性且参与者彼此熟悉时，结对和紧急结果比单独结果更丰富。我们在舞蹈的背景下研究了这些因素，并提出了一个广泛的假设，即当舞者一起即兴创作时，与单独即兴创作相比，创新会得到增强。一个专业舞蹈团的舞者（N = 10）独自即兴表演2分钟，然后与另一名舞者合作。舞者熟悉度（熟悉的，不熟悉的）和任务（表达性的，非表达性的）交叉（在受试者内部）。这些即兴表演是在舞者通常的即兴表演空间里用2个多小时录制的。在每次即兴表演结束后，舞者们陈述了表达的动作想法的数量，并对任务的容易程度、满意度、兴趣、新颖性、原创性和清晰度进行了评分。在这两项任务中，在熟悉和不熟悉的组合中，自我报告的运动想法数量都比单独报告的多。在不熟悉配对条件下，任务容易度、满意度、兴趣、清晰度等得分略高。在非表达性任务中，配对任务的评分（M = 3.02, SD 0.82）高于单独任务（M = 2.67, SD 0.96）。分布式创造力、关系认知和社会促进被用来解释结果。
In contemporary dance, cognitive events are not necessarily restricted “to the skin or skull of an individual” (Hutchins in Int Encycl Soc Behav Sci 2068–2072, 2001) but distributed across dancers during collaborative improvisation. There is some experimental evidence of greater output when people perform problem-solving tasks alone. However, when a task is challenging and paired participants are familiar with each other, pairwise and emergent outcomes are more plentiful than solo outcomes. We investigate these factors in the context of dance with the broad hypothesis that innovation is enhanced when dancers improvise together compared with when they improvise alone. Dancers (N = 10) in a professional company improvised for 2 min alone and then with another dancer. Dancer familiarity (familiar, unfamiliar) and task (expressive, non-expressive) were crossed (within-subjects). The improvisations were video-recorded over 2 h in the dancers’ usual improvisation space. After each improvisation, the dancers: stated the number of movement ideas expressed and rated task ease, satisfaction, interest, novelty, originality and clarity. In both tasks, there was a tendency for self-report of a greater number of movement ideas expressed in familiar and unfamiliar pairs than alone. Ratings of task ease, satisfaction, interest, clarity, etc. were slightly higher in the unfamiliar pair condition. In the non-expressive task, ratings of the task were higher in pairs (M = 3.02, SD 0.82) than in the solo (M = 2.67, SD 0.96) condition. Distributed creativity, relational cognition and social facilitation are used to interpret the results.