Effects of european earthworm invasion on soil characteristics in northern hardwood forests of Minnesota, USA
Effects of european earthworm invasion on soil characteristics in northern hardwood forests of Minnesota, USA
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DOI：
10.1007/s10021-005-0066-x
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发表时间：
2005-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Pastor, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hale, CM;Frelich, LE;Pastor, J
欧洲蚯蚓正在北美无虫硬木森林中定居。在明尼苏达州北方森林中的杂草入侵的前沿提供了一个难得的机会来记录土壤特性的变化，因为杂草入侵正在发生。在四个北方硬木林分中，增加的总生物量与O层的快速消失有关。同时，A层厚度、容重和土壤有机质总含量增加，有机质百分比和细根密度降低。不同的植被物种组合影响的幅度和类型的变化，这些土壤参数。土壤氮和磷的有效性较低的地块高蚯蚓生物量相比，地块低蠕虫生物量。与高生物量的土壤氮的有效性下降，反映在减少叶片氮含量的苔草，槭甘蔗和加拿大细辛，但增加叶片氮的阿仙奴felix femina。总的来说，高生物量导致叶片碳氮比增加。森林土壤性质的影响，除了与总生物量有关的影响，与它们的取食和穴居习性。森林生态学家直到最近才认识到外来入侵对大生态系统的潜在影响。面对森林生态系统的快速变化和多重压力，必须考虑外来入侵对森林土壤结构和功能的影响。
European earthworms are colonizing worm-free hardwood forests across North America. Leading edges of earthworm invasion in forests of northern Minnesota provide a rare opportunity to document changes in soil characteristics as earthworm invasions are occurring. Across leading edges of earthworm invasion in four northern hardwood stands, increasing total earthworm biomass was associated with rapid disappearance of the O horizon. Concurrently, the thickness, bulk density and total soil organic matter content of the A horizon increased, and it's percent organic matter and fine root density decreased. Different earthworm species assemblages influenced the magnitude and type of change in these soil parameters. Soil N and P availability were lower in plots with high earthworm biomass compared to plots with low worm biomass. Decreases in soil nitrogen availability associated with high earthworm biomass were reflected in decreased foliar nitrogen content for Carex pensylvanica, Acer saccharum and Asarum canadense but increased foliar N for Athyrium felix-femina. Overall, high earthworm biomass resulted in increased foliar carbon to nitrogen ratios. The effects of earthworm species assemblages on forest soil properties are related to their feeding and burrowing habits in addition to effects related to total biomass. The potential for large ecosystem consequences following exotic earthworm invasion has only recently been recognized by forest ecologists. In the face of rapid change and multiple pressures on native forest ecosystems, the impacts of earthworm invasion on forest soil structure and function must be considered.