POPULATION-DYNAMICS IN VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS .7. THE DEMOGRAPHY AND EVOLUTION OF ITEROPARITY
POPULATION-DYNAMICS IN VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS .7. THE DEMOGRAPHY AND EVOLUTION OF ITEROPARITY
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DOI：
10.1086/284959
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发表时间：
1989-06-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
TULJAPURKAR, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ORZACK, SH;TULJAPURKAR, S
一个动态分析的方式，其中存活率和生殖时间表演变在可变的环境。该方法考虑了(1)年龄结构，(2)与密度无关的生命率波动，(3)任意长度的生活史，(4)生命率的方差和协方差，以及(5)生活史中基因型差异的结合。结果表明，在多变的环境中，更复杂的生命史并没有普遍的优势，进化的方向取决于环境变化的绝对数量和生命率的相关结构。对“无差异”曲线的分析也表明，鉴于环境敏感性的基因型差异，在生活史方面存在相当大的中性进化潜力。我们对科尔悖论提出了两个非排他性的部分答案。一是环境变异性的大小和生命率的相关结构导致短暂的、早期繁殖的半生育生活史在种群中是不利的。另一个答案是，如果随机增长率是非负的，那么当这些生命史的随机增长率与那些更复杂的生命史的随机增长率相等时，它们的灭绝率更高，因为所有的生命史都有一个对平均生命史的约束。
A dynamic analysis is presented of the manner in which survival rates and reproductive schedules evolve in variable environments. This approach accounts for (1) age structure, (2) density-independent fluctuations in vital rates, (3) life histories of arbitrary length, (4) variance and covariance of vital rates, and (5) an incorporation of genotypic differences in life history. The results indicate that there is no general advantage to a more iteroparous life history in a variable environment and that the direction of evolution depends on the absolute amount of environmental variation and the correlation structure of the vital rates. Analysis of "indifference" curves also indicates that there is considerable potential for neutral evolution with respect to life history, given genotypic differences in environmental sensitivity. We suggest two nonexclusive partial answers to Cole''s paradox. One is that the magnitude of environmental variability and the correlation structure of vital rates cause short-lived, early-reproducing semelparous life histories to be disadvantageous within populations. The other answer is that, if stochastic growth rates are nonnegative, such life histories have higher extinction rates when their stochastic growth rates equal those of more-iteroparous life histories, given that all the life histories share a constraint on the average life history.