Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience New Perspectives on Adolescent Motivated Behavior: Attention and Conditioning
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience New Perspectives on Adolescent Motivated Behavior: Attention and Conditioning
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通讯作者：
Monique Ernst;Teresa Daniele;Kyle Frantz
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作者：
Monique Ernst;Teresa Daniele;Kyle Frantz
关键词：青少年 目标导向注意力 刺激驱动 食欲调节 眼跳运动 发展 摘要 青春期是一个关键的过渡时期，在此期间发生根本性的变化，为青少年为成年做好准备。青少年行为神经生物学的启发式模型已经出现，促进了奖励和动机的核心作用，以及认知的不成熟。在这里，我们将重点放在两组基本过程上：注意力和调节，它们对于适应性行为至关重要。使用 Corbetta 和 Shulman (2002) 开发的双重注意力模型，该模型确定了刺激驱动和目标驱动的注意力网络，我们提出了一种平衡，有利于青少年中刺激驱动的注意力而不是目标驱动的注意力。关于条件作用，我们假设，相对于成年人，青少年的环境线索和食欲刺激之间的关联往往较强，而与厌恶刺激的关联较弱。旨在优先考虑刺激驱动的注意力的注意力系统，加上具有食欲激励的更强大的联想学习，有助于塑造青少年动机行为的模式。这种注意力和调节功能的偏差可能会促进许多青少年典型的冲动、寻求新奇和冒险的行为。
Keywords: Adolescent Goal-directed attention Stimulus-driven Appetitive conditioning Saccadic eye movement Development a b s t r a c t Adolescence is a critical transition period, during which fundamental changes prepare the adolescent for becoming an adult. Heuristic models of the neurobiology of adolescent behavior have emerged, promoting the central role of reward and motivation, coupled with cognitive immaturities. Here, we bring focus to two basic sets of processes, attention and conditioning, which are essential for adaptive behavior. Using the dual-attention model developed by Corbetta and Shulman (2002), which identifies a stimulus-driven and a goal-driven attention network, we propose a balance that favors stimulus-driven attention over goal-driven attention in youth. Regarding conditioning, we hypothesize that stronger associations tend to be made between environmental cues and appetitive stimuli, and weaker associations with aversive stimuli, in youth relative to adults. An attention system geared to prioritize stimulus-driven attention, together with more powerful associative learning with appetitive incentives, contribute to shape patterns of adolescent motivated behavior. This proposed bias in attention and conditioning function could facilitate the impulsive, novelty-seeking and risk-taking behavior that is typical of many adolescents.