Geographic Scale and Grass-Roots Internationalism: The Liverpool Dock Dispute, 1995–1998*
Geographic Scale and Grass-Roots Internationalism: The Liverpool Dock Dispute, 1995–1998*
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地理规模和草根国际主义：利物浦码头争端，1995-1998*
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发表时间：
2000
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通讯作者：
N. Castree
中科院分区：
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作者：
N. Castree
摘要在“全球化”对有组织的劳工的影响的持续争论的背景下，特别是最近在劳工国际主义方面的实验，本文考察了1995-98年利物浦码头争端的地理。这一争端很少受到对其原因和轨迹的认真分析。这是令人惊讶的，因为它不仅是近代英国历史上最旷日持久的劳资纠纷，而且还是一种相对新颖的跨国劳工组织形式的中心：即一种基本上在国家和国际工会主义的正式机构之外组织起来的基层国际主义形式。在本文中，我专注于这个“草根国际主义者”的性质和动态，以期提出两个主张，具有更广泛的主题和理论相关性的劳动地理学的研究。首先，与劳动力地理学（以及更广泛的劳动力研究）中新兴的正统观点相反，利物浦的案例实际上表明，20世纪90年代劳动力“扩大”团结和斗争的必要性被夸大了。第二，利物浦的案例表明，国际劳工组织只有在与两种规模的斗争联系起来考虑时才是有效的，这两种斗争在全球化的世界中往往被认为越来越无关紧要或无效：地方和国家。因此，虽然那些引用利物浦争端的少数分析家，根据他们的二手知识进行评估，将码头工人作为新形式的劳工国际主义的典范，但在本文中，我认为需要对劳工斗争的多尺度动态进行更复杂和偶然的评估。简而言之，即使在全球化的世界中，我们还没有达到劳动力的“空间定位”必须是超国家的阶段。
Abstract In the context of ongoing debates over the effects of “globalization” on organized labor and, specifically, recent experiments in labor internationalism, this paper examines the geography of the Liverpool dock dispute, 1995–98. The dispute has rarely been subject to a serious analysis of its causes and trajectory. This is surprising since it was not only the most protracted industrial dispute in recent British history but also the hub of a relatively novel form of transnational labor organizing: namely, a form of grass-roots internationalism organized largely outside the formal apparatuses of national and international unionism. In the paper I focus on the nature and dynamics of this “grass-roots internationalis” with a view to making two claims that have a wider thematic and theoretical relevance to the study of labor geographies. First, contrary to an emerging new orthodoxy in labor geography (and labor studies more generally), the Liverpool case in fact suggests that the necessity for labor to “up-scale” solidarity and struggle in the 1990s is much overstated. Second, the Liverpool case suggests that international labor organizing is only efficacious when considered in relation to two scales of struggle often thought increasingly irrelevant or ineffectual in a globalizing world: the local and the national. Thus, while those few analysts who have cited the Liverpool dispute, basing their assessments on secondhand knowledge, have held the dockers up as exemplars of a new form of labor internationalism, in this paper I suggest the need for a more complex and contingent appreciation of the multiscalar dynamics of labor struggles. In short, we have not yet reached the stage, even in a globalizing world, where labor’s “spatial fixes” must be preeminently supranational.