Temporal Ordering of Motivational Quality and Athlete Burnout in Elite Sport
Temporal Ordering of Motivational Quality and Athlete Burnout in Elite Sport
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DOI：
10.1249/mss.0b013e3181ff56c6
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发表时间：
2011-05-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Hodge, Ken
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文献类型：
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作者：
Lonsdale, Chris;Hodge, Ken
朗斯代尔，C.和K.霍奇。精英运动动机质量与运动员倦怠的时间排序。医学科学。体育Exerc。，第43卷第5期，第913-921页，2011。引言：本研究以自我决定理论为理论框架，对动机与运动员职业倦怠的关系进行了纵向研究。我们检验了四个假设：H-0：低自我决定（SD）不先于倦怠，倦怠不先于低SD；H-1：低SD先于倦怠；H-2：低SD先于倦怠；H-3：倦怠与动机之间存在相互关系。方法：我们采用两波设计，基线后4个月随访评估。新西兰优秀运动员(n = 119，平均年龄24.74岁（标准差8.54岁）；其中女性占57.14%)完成了运动员倦怠问卷和运动行为调节问卷。采用交叉滞后面板模型的结构方程模型对假设进行检验。结果：动机与职业倦怠的关系因被测动机的类型而异。与自我决定动机、动机和外在动机控制形式的总体水平相关的分析为H-1提供了支持：低SD先于倦怠。与外部调节相比，内源性调节似乎是运动员倦怠的更清晰的前因。有关外在动机自我决定形式的分析为H-2提供了支持：倦怠先于低SD。唯一不能拒绝零假设的分析是那些与内在动机有关的分析。最后，很少有人支持互惠效应模型。结论：低水平的自我决定可能导致运动员倦怠的增加，而运动员倦怠可能先于自我决定的外在动机的减少。可以做出特别的努力，以帮助支持运动员的基本心理需求与控制形式的动机，从而导致内化的动机和减少倦怠的风险。
LONSDALE, C., and K. HODGE. Temporal Ordering of Motivational Quality and Athlete Burnout in Elite Sport. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 43, No. 5, pp. 913-921, 2011. Introduction: Using self-determination theory as the theoretical framework, we conducted a longitudinal investigation of the relationships between motivation and athlete burnout. We tested four hypotheses: H-0: low self-determination (SD) does not precede burnout, and burnout does not precede low SD; H-1: low SD precedes burnout; H-2: burnout precedes low SD; and H-3: burnout and motivation have a reciprocal relationship. Methods: We used a two-wave design, with the follow-up assessment 4 months after baseline. Elite New Zealand athletes (n = 119, mean age = 24.74 yr (standard deviation = 8.54 yr); 57.14% of whom were females) completed the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire and the Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling of cross-lagged panel models was used to test the hypotheses. Results: The relationship between motivation and burnout varied depending on the type of motivation assessed. Analyses related to overall levels of self-determined motivation, amotivation, and controlled forms of extrinsic motivation provided support for H-1: low SD precedes burnout. When compared with external regulation, introjected regulation seemed to be a clearer antecedent of athlete burnout. Analyses related to the self-determined forms of extrinsic motivation provided support for H-2: burnout precedes low SD. The only analyses in which the null hypothesis could not be rejected were those relating to intrinsic motivation. Finally, there was little support for a reciprocal effects model. Conclusions: Low levels of self-determination may lead to increases in athlete burnout, whereas athlete burnout may precede decrements in self-determined extrinsic motivation. Particular efforts could be made to help support the basic psychological needs of athletes with controlled forms of motivation, thereby leading to an internalization of motivation and decreased risk of burnout.