The Reading Process: A Phenomenological Approach
The Reading Process: A Phenomenological Approach
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阅读过程：现象学方法
DOI：
10.2307/468316
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发表时间：
1972
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
W. Iser
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Iser
她的现象学艺术理论充分强调这样一个观点，即在考虑一部文学作品时，不仅必须考虑实际的文本，而且必须同等程度地考虑对该文本的反应所涉及的行为。因此，罗马英伽登面对的是文学文本的结构，以及它可以被实现的方式。文本本身提供了不同的“图式观点”，通过这些观点，作品的主题可以被曝光，但实际的曝光是一种Konkretisation的行动。如果是这样的话，那么文学作品就有两极，我们可以称之为艺术性和审美性：艺术性是指作者创造的文本，审美是指读者实现的。从这种两极来看，文学作品不能完全等同于文本，也不能完全等同于文本的实现，但实际上必须介于两者之间。作品不仅仅是文本，因为文本只有在实现时才具有生命，而且文本的实现绝不是独立于读者的个体性格--尽管这反过来又受到文本的不同模式的影响。文本和读者的融合带来了文学作品的存在，这种融合永远不能被准确地定位，而必须始终保持虚拟，因为它既不能与文本的现实相一致，也不能与读者的个人性格相一致。
SHE PHENOMENOLOGICAL THEORY of art lays full stress on the idea that, in considering a literary work, one must take into account not only the actual text but also, and in equal measure, the actions involved in responding to that text. Thus Roman Ingarden confronts the structure of the literary text with the ways in which it can be konkretisiert (realized).' The text as such offers different "schematised views"' through which the subject matter of the work can come to light, but the actual bringing to light is an action of Konkretisation. If this is so, then the literary work has two poles, which we might call the artistic and the aesthetic: the artistic refers to the text created by the author, and the aesthetic to the realization accomplished by the reader. From this polarity it follows that the literary work cannot be completely identical with the text, or with the realization of the text, but in fact must lie halfway between the two. The work is more than the text, for the text only takes on life when it is realized, and furthermore the realization is by no means independent of the individual disposition of the reader-though this in turn is acted upon by the different patterns of the text. The convergence of text and reader brings the literary work into existence, and this convergence can never be precisely pinpointed, but must always remain virtual, as it is not to be identified either with the reality of the text or with the individual disposition of the reader.