Roles of eukaryotic topoisomerases in transcription, replication and genomic stability.

Roles of eukaryotic topoisomerases in transcription, replication and genomic stability.
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DOI:
10.1038/nrm.2016.111
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发表时间:
2016-11
影响因子:
112.7
通讯作者:
Nitiss, John L.
Nitiss, John L.
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pommier, Yves;Sung, Yilun;Huang, Shar-yin N.;Nitiss, John L.

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拓扑异构酶引入瞬时DNA断裂以松弛超螺旋DNA,去除链烷并使染色体分离。人类细胞编码六种拓扑异构酶(TOP 1、TOP 1 mt、TOP 2 α、TOP 2 β、TOP 3 α和TOP 3 β),它们作用于核和线粒体基因组中广泛的DNA和RNA底物。它们的催化中间体拓扑异构酶裂解复合物(TOPcc)是各种抗癌药物的治疗靶点。TOPcc也可以在复制和转录过程中在受损的DNA上形成,并参与特定的修复途径,例如由酪氨酰-DNA磷酸二酯酶1(TDP 1)和TDP 2以及核酸内切酶(MRE 11,XPF-ERCC 1和MUS 81)介导的修复途径。在这里,我们回顾了拓扑异构酶在介导染色质动力学,转录,复制,DNA损伤修复和基因组稳定性中的作用,并讨论了拓扑异构酶的失调如何导致神经退行性疾病,免疫疾病和癌症。
Topoisomerases introduce transient DNA breaks to relax supercoiled DNA, remove catenanes and enable chromosome segregation. Human cells encode six topoisomerases (TOP1, TOP1mt, TOP2α, TOP2β, TOP3α and TOP3β), which act on a broad range of DNA and RNA substrates at the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Their catalytic intermediates, the topoisomerase cleavage complexes (TOPcc), are therapeutic targets of various anticancer drugs. TOPcc can also form on damaged DNA during replication and transcription, and engage specific repair pathways, such as those mediated by tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) and TDP2 and by endonucleases (MRE11, XPF–ERCC1 and MUS81). Here, we review the roles of topoisomerases in mediating chromatin dynamics, transcription, replication, DNA damage repair and genomic stability, and discuss how deregulation of topoisomerases can cause neurodegenerative diseases, immune disorders and cancer.
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