Sensitive and robust chemical detection using an olfactory brain-computer interface.
Sensitive and robust chemical detection using an olfactory brain-computer interface.
复制标题
使用嗅觉脑机接口进行灵敏且强大的化学检测。
DOI：
10.1016/j.bios.2021.113664
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
12.6
通讯作者：
Rinberg,Dmitry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shor,Erez;Herrero-Vidal,Pedro;Dewan,Adam;Uguz,Ilke;Curto,VincenzoF;Malliaras,GeorgeG;Savin,Cristina;Bozza,Thomas;Rinberg,Dmitry
当谈到检测挥发性化学物质时，生物嗅觉系统在多功能性、速度和特异性方面远远超过所有人工化学检测设备。因此，在安全、国防、医疗保健、农业和其他应用中使用经过训练的动物进行化学检测的情况出现了天文数字的增长。然而，在这种能力下使用动物需要广泛的训练和基于行为的沟通。在这里，我们提出了一种替代策略，生物电子鼻，它利用哺乳动物嗅觉系统的优越能力，但通过直接从大脑读取嗅觉信息来绕过行为输出。我们设计了一种脑机接口，可以捕获清醒小鼠嗅觉处理早期阶段的神经元信号，并结合机器学习技术形成一个灵敏和选择性的化学探测器。我们长期在小鼠嗅球表面植入栅极阵列，并系统地记录了大量气味和气味混合物在不同浓度范围内的反应。这种生物电子鼻对经过训练的动物具有相当的敏感度，可以在不同的背景下检测气味。我们还引入了一种新的基因工程方法，通过改变特定嗅觉受体的相对丰度，以提高我们的生物电子鼻对特定化学目标的灵敏度。我们的录音在几个月内是稳定的，这为随着时间的推移进行稳健和稳定的解码提供了证据。该系统也适用于自由移动的动物，允许在真实环境中进行化学检测。我们的生物电子鼻在稳定性、特异性和通用性方面优于目前的方法，为化学检测设定了新的标准。
When it comes to detecting volatile chemicals, biological olfactory systems far outperform all artificial chemical detection devices in their versatility, speed, and specificity. Consequently, the use of trained animals for chemical detection in security, defense, healthcare, agriculture, and other applications has grown astronomically. However, the use of animals in this capacity requires extensive training and behavior-based communication. Here we propose an alternative strategy, a bio-electronic nose, that capitalizes on the superior capability of the mammalian olfactory system, but bypasses behavioral output by reading olfactory information directly from the brain. We engineered a brain-computer interface that captures neuronal signals from an early stage of olfactory processing in awake mice combined with machine learning techniques to form a sensitive and selective chemical detector. We chronically implanted a grid electrode array on the surface of the mouse olfactory bulb and systematically recorded responses to a large battery of odorants and odorant mixtures across a wide range of concentrations. The bio-electronic nose has a comparable sensitivity to the trained animal and can detect odors on a variable background. We also introduce a novel genetic engineering approach that modifies the relative abundance of particular olfactory receptors in order to improve the sensitivity of our bio-electronic nose for specific chemical targets. Our recordings were stable over months, providing evidence for robust and stable decoding over time. The system also works in freely moving animals, allowing chemical detection to occur in real-world environments. Our bio-electronic nose outperforms current methods in terms of its stability, specificity, and versatility, setting a new standard for chemical detection.