Requirements for an Integrated in situ Atlantic Ocean Observing System From Coordinated Observing System Simulation Experiments
Requirements for an Integrated in situ Atlantic Ocean Observing System From Coordinated Observing System Simulation Experiments
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DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2019.00083
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发表时间：
2019-03
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
F. Gasparin;S. Guinehut;C. Mao;I. Mirouze;E. Rémy;Robert R. King;M. Hamon;Rebecca Reid;A. Storto;P. Le Traon;Matthew J. Martin;S. Masina
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作者：
F. Gasparin;S. Guinehut;C. Mao;I. Mirouze;E. Rémy;Robert R. King;M. Hamon;Rebecca Reid;A. Storto;P. Le Traon;Matthew J. Martin;S. Masina
四个欧洲海洋预报中心首次开展了一项基于观测系统模拟实验的协调努力，以便从监测和预报的角度深入了解大西洋现场观测系统目前和今后的设计。这种多系统方法是基于同化合成数据集，通过在空间和时间上的涡分辨无约束模拟，命名为自然运行的子采样。为了评估一个给定的大西洋观测系统的能力，以限制海洋模式状态，同化实验进行了一组使用四个全球涡允许系统。对于每一组实验，都吸收了现场观测系统的不同设计，例如采用配备热敏电阻链的全球漂流器阵列，可深达150米，或将全球阿尔戈阵列的一部分延伸到深海。虽然四个系统的结果显示出相似性和差异，但与Nature Run实验的比较通常表明不同的额外观测网络对温度和盐度场产生了积极影响。多系统模拟的传播，结合每个系统对评估的观测网络的敏感性，使我们能够讨论结果的鲁棒性及其对特定分析系统的依赖性。通过从综合观测系统的角度帮助确定和测试未来的观测系统，目前的工作是朝着更好地协调倡议迈出的第一步，以支持海洋观测系统的发展及其在海洋监测和预报系统中的整合。
A coordinated effort based on Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) has been carried out for the first time by four European ocean forecasting centers in order to provide insights on the present and future design of the in situ Atlantic Ocean observing system from a monitoring and forecasting perspective. This multi-system approach is based on assimilating synthetic data sets, obtained by sub-sampling in space and time an eddy-resolving unconstrained simulation, named the Nature Run. To assess the ability of a given Atlantic Ocean observing system to constrain the ocean model state, a set of assimilating experiments were performed using four global eddy-permitting systems. For each set of experiments, different designs of the in situ observing system have been assimilated, such as implementing a global drifter array equipped with a thermistor chain down to 150 m depth or extending a part of the global Argo array in the deep ocean. While results from the four systems show similarities and differences, the comparison of the experiments with the Nature Run generally demonstrates a positive impact of the different extra observation networks on the temperature and salinity fields. The spread of the multi-system simulations, combined with the sensitivity of each system to the evaluated observing networks, allowed us to discuss the robustness of the results and their dependence on the specific analysis system. By helping define and test future observing systems from an integrated observing system view, the present work is an initial step toward better-coordinated initiatives for supporting the evolution of the ocean observing system and its integration within ocean monitoring and forecasting systems.