Novel transcripts in the maxillary venom glands of advanced snakes
Novel transcripts in the maxillary venom glands of advanced snakes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.03.005
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发表时间：
2012-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Casewell, Nicholas R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fry, Bryan G.;Scheib, Holger;Casewell, Nicholas R.
蛇毒蛋白是通过复制身体蛋白质基因而添加到爬行动物的毒液中，而复制的组织在毒液腺中特异性表达。分子支架从广泛的组织中招募，具有相似水平的祖先活动多样性。转录组研究已被证明是发现新型毒素支架的有效工具。在这项研究中，我们将毒液腺转录组学应用于高级蛇的广泛分类多样性，并恢复了编码三种新的蛋白质支架类型的转录本，这些蛋白质支架类型缺乏与任何先前表征的蛇毒素类型的序列同源性：脂钙蛋白，磷脂酶a (2) （IIE型）和卵黄膜外层蛋白。此外，首次对蛇上颌毒腺的核糖核酸酶亚型进行了测序，这是最近才对蜥蜴下颚毒腺进行的测序。此外，在蜥蜴和蛇毒之间共享的唯一最近表征的veficolin毒素类别中也发现了新的亚型。蛇毒的额外复杂性不仅对了解其分子进化具有重要意义，而且还加强了毒液作为一种多样化生物资源的巨大重要性。(C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Venom proteins are added to reptile venoms through duplication of a body protein gene, with the duplicate tissue-specifically expressed in the venom gland. Molecular scaffolds are recruited from a wide range of tissues and with a similar level of diversity of ancestral activity. Transcriptome studies have proven an effective and efficient tool for the discovery of novel toxin scaffolds. In this study, we applied venom gland transcriptomics to a wide taxonomical diversity of advanced snakes and recovered transcripts encoding three novel protein scaffold types lacking sequence homology to any previously characterised snake toxin type: lipocalin, phospholipase A(2) (type IIE) and vitelline membrane outer layer protein. In addition, the first snake maxillary venom gland isoforms were sequenced of ribonuclease, which was only recently sequenced from lizard mandibular venom glands. Further, novel isoforms were also recovered for the only recently characterised veficolin toxin class also shared between lizard and snake venoms. The additional complexity of snake venoms has important implications not only for understanding their molecular evolution, but also reinforces the tremendous importance of venoms as a diverse bio-resource. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.