Male biases in parasitism of mammals : effects of study type, host age, and parasite taxon
Male biases in parasitism of mammals : effects of study type, host age, and parasite taxon
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哺乳动物寄生中的雄性偏见：研究类型、宿主年龄和寄生虫分类群的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Forbes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Schalk;M. Forbes
在哺乳动物中，寄生虫的性别偏见是可以预料的，因为雌激素刺激免疫力，而雄激素抑制免疫力。因此，寄生虫应该更容易在男性宿主中建立，导致男性的寄生率高于女性。我们使用来自38项已发表研究的145项基于哺乳动物宿主的测试来测试这一一般假设。男性的偏见寄生存在的整体和测试仅限于节肢动物（但不是蠕虫）寄生虫。然后，我们通过选择单一寄生虫物种来控制潜在的依赖性，这是基于它们引发免疫反应的可能性。对于这48个测试，雄性偏见仍然存在的节肢动物，但不蠕虫，寄生虫。正如预测的那样，涉及实验感染的研究的男性偏见的平均程度要比实地研究高得多。在实验测试中，研究人员控制了两性在接触寄生虫方面的差异。因此，寄生性的任何偏见都应该主要是由于免疫反应的性别差异。也没有男性的偏见，在青少年之间的寄生虫，大概是因为少年男性和女性在他们的激素配置文件或压力水平的差异小于成年男性和女性。在，我们的研究结果表明，哺乳动物存在寄生虫易感性的性别差异，即使我们的测试是非常保守的。我们的研究结果还表明，平均而言，两性之间的寄生差异很小，统计上显着的男性寄生偏见不是一个普遍的规则。
Sex biases in parasitism may be expected in mammals because estrogens stimulate immunity, whereas androgens depress immunity. Parasites should, therefore, become more readily established in male hosts, leading to higher levels of parasitism for males than for females. We tested this general hypothesis using 145 tests based on mammal hosts taken from 38 published studies. Male biases in parasitism existed overall and for tests restricted to arthropod (but not helminth) parasites. We then controlled for potential dependence by choosing single parasite species based on their likelihood of eliciting immune responses. For these 48 tests, male biases still existed for arthropod, but not for helminth, parasites. As predicted, the average degree of male bias was much higher for studies involving an experimental infection than for field studies. In experimental tests, researchers controlled for differences between the sexes in exposure to parasites. Any biases in parasitism, therefore, should have been due primarily to gender differences in immune response. There also were no male biases in parasitism among juveniles, presumably because juvenile males and females differ less in their hormone profiles or stress levels than do adult males and females. In , our results suggested that hormonally mediated sex differences in susceptibility to parasitism exist for mammals, even though our tests were extremely conservative. Our results also indicate that, on average, differences in parasitism between the sexes are small, and that statistically significant male biases in parasitism are not a general rule.
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
ELOISANTOS, S;OLSEN, NJ;COLLEY, DG
通讯作者：
COLLEY, DG
佐治亚州障壁岛上的棉鼠跳蚤（管翅目）：一种贫瘠的动物群。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
The Journal of parasitology
影响因子：
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作者：
Durden,LA
通讯作者：
Durden,LA