Reconsidering the in vivo functions of Clostridial Stickland amino acid fermentations.
Reconsidering the in vivo functions of Clostridial Stickland amino acid fermentations.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102600
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发表时间：
2022-08
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Bry, Lynn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pavao, Aidan;Graham, Madeline;Arrieta-Ortiz, Mario L;Immanuel, Selva Rupa Christinal;Baliga, Nitin S;Bry, Lynn
粘地氨基酸发酵主要发生在梭状芽孢杆菌中。作为一种古老的代谢形式，斯蒂克兰发酵在缺乏强氧化剂的情况下使用氨基酸作为电子受体，并在缺乏其他可发酵底物（如碳水化合物）时提供代谢能力以支持生长。这些反应最初被描述为氨基酸电子供体（如支链氨基酸）与受体（包括脯氨酸和甘氨酸）的成对发酵。我们提出了一种以氧化还原为重点的观点，即通过代谢多样的氧化反应和定义的底物还原酶系统（包括脯氨酸和甘氨酸）的电子流，以及底物（如亮氨酸和鸟氨酸）的双重氧化还原途径的作用。艰难梭菌的遗传研究和环境与基因调控相互作用网络（EGRIN）模型提高了我们对这些系统的调控和代谢招募的理解，以及它们在宿主-病原体共生系统中调节种间相互作用的功能，以及它们在工业和环境应用中的应用。
Stickland amino acid fermentations occur primarily among species of Clostridia. An ancient form of metabolism, Stickland fermentations use amino acids as electron acceptors in the absence of stronger oxidizing agents and provide metabolic capabilities to support growth when other fermentable substrates, such as carbohydrates, are lacking. The reactions were originally described as paired fermentations of amino acid electron donors, such as the branched-chain amino acids, with recipients that include proline and glycine. We present a redox-focused view of Stickland metabolism following electron flow through metabolically diverse oxidative reactions and the defined-substrate reductase systems, including for proline and glycine, and the role of dual redox pathways for substrates such as leucine and ornithine. Genetic studies and Environment and Gene Regulatory Interaction Network (EGRIN) models for the pathogen Clostridioides difficile have improved our understanding of the regulation and metabolic recruitment of these systems, and their functions in modulating inter-species interactions within host-pathogen-commensal systems and uses in industrial and environmental applications.