It's all relative: Concentrated disadvantage within and across neighborhoods and communities, and the consequences for neighborhood crime
It's all relative: Concentrated disadvantage within and across neighborhoods and communities, and the consequences for neighborhood crime
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2015.08.004
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发表时间：
2015-11-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Hipp, John R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chamberlain, Alyssa W.;Hipp, John R.
目的：之前的研究在很大程度上无法解释较大地区不平等的变化如何影响社区的犯罪率。我们研究这个更广泛的背景下，无论是在周围的空间区域的社区，以及更大的，城市一级的背景。虽然社会混乱，机会和相对剥夺理论通常用来解释邻里犯罪的变化，这些理论作出不同的预测犯罪时，更广泛的领域，嵌入式的邻里被考虑到。方法：我们使用的数据从全国邻里犯罪研究7956个社区在79个城市。结果：重点社区和邻近社区的不利条件增加了社区暴力犯罪，与社会解体理论相一致。然而，相对剥夺为理解财产犯罪的变化提供了一个更有力的解释，因为邻里之间的劣势差异和附近的邻里（或更广泛的社区）解释了财产犯罪率较高的原因。犯罪学家需要考虑到附近社区的更大背景，以及更广泛的城市，当了解相对剥夺对社区一级财产犯罪率的影响时。(C)2015爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Purpose: Prior studies have largely been unable to account for how variations in inequality across larger areas might impact crime rates in neighborhoods. We examine this broader context both in terms of the spatial area surrounding neighborhoods as well as the larger, city-level context. Although social disorganization, opportunity and relative deprivation theories are typically used to explain variations in neighborhood crime, these theories make differing predictions about crime when the broader areas that neighborhoods are embedded in are taken into account.Methods: We use data from the National Neighborhood Crime Study for 7956 neighborhoods in 79 cities. Multi-level models with spatial effects are estimated to explain the relationship between crime and city and neighborhood social and economic resources.Results: Disadvantage in the focal neighborhood and nearby neighborhoods increase neighborhood violent crime, consistent with social disorganization theory. However, relative deprivation provides a more robust explanation for understanding variation in property crime, as the difference in disadvantage between a neighborhood and nearby neighborhoods (or the broader community) explains higher levels of property crime.Conclusions: Criminologists need to account for the larger context of nearby neighborhoods, as well as the broader city, when understanding the effect of relative deprivation on neighborhood-level property crime rates. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.