Development and validation of an Opioid Attractiveness Scale: a novel measure of the attractiveness of opioid products to potential abusers.
Development and validation of an Opioid Attractiveness Scale: a novel measure of the attractiveness of opioid products to potential abusers.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1186/1477-7517-3-5
复制
发表时间：
2006-02-02
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Katz N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Butler SF;Benoit C;Budman SH;Fernandez KC;McCormick C;Venuti SW;Katz N
阿片类药物滥用的不断增长趋势、对处方阿片类药物产品滥用倾向的评估，以及制药行业不断努力开发“抗滥用”配方，都凸显出需要了解使一种产品比另一种产品对潜在滥用者更具“吸引力”的特征。我们开发了一个量表来衡量处方阿片类药物对潜在滥用者的“吸引力”，并使用该量表来衡量 14 种阿片类镇痛产品的相对吸引力。首先，吸引力的概念是由一群处方阿片类药物滥用者和阿片类药物滥用专家使用概念图绘制过程根据经验定义的。滥用倾向由两部分组成：药物配方的内在因素（例如起效速度、持续时间）和药物配方的外在因素（例如可用性、替代品的可用性、成本）。构建了包含 17 项的阿片类药物吸引力量表 (OAS)，重点关注药品的内在因素。共有 144 人参加了有效性和可靠性测试。内部一致性非常好（Cronbach's α = 0.85–0.94）。基于 OAS 分数的药物排名取得了良好的评估者间一致性（Kendall's W 0.37，p < 0.001）。开发样品和确认样品之间的药物 OAS 评分一致性良好（类内相关性 [ICC] 为 0.65-0.69）。药物滥用顾问对 14 种选定的阿片类药物产品的整体吸引力的全球评级与基于 OAS 滥用者群体评级的排名相对应。最后，药物滥用咨询师完成了 OAS，与滥用者群体的评分高度一致（ICC = 0.83，p = 0.002）。 OAS 对 14 种选定的阿片类药物产品的吸引力进行了区分。奥施康定、Dilaudid 和 Percocet 排名最高（最具吸引力）； Talwin NX 和 Duragesic 排名最低（最没有吸引力）。对 OAS 心理测量特性的初步检查表明，它是一个有效且可靠的量表。 OAS 可能有助于为对潜在滥用者有吸引力的产品功能提供重要指导。
The growing trends in opioid abuse, assessment of the abuse liability of prescription opioid products, and growing efforts by the pharmaceutical industry to develop 'abuse-resistant' formulations highlight a need to understand the features that make one product more 'attractive' than another to potential abusers. We developed a scale to measure the 'attractiveness' of prescription opioids to potential abusers, and used the scale to measure the relative attractiveness of 14 opioid analgesic products. First, the concept of attractiveness was empirically defined with a group of prescription opioid abusers and experts in opioid abuse using a process called Concept Mapping. Abuse liability consisted of two components: factors intrinsic to the drug formulation (e.g., speed of onset, duration) and factors extrinsic to drug formulation (e.g., availability, availability of alternatives, cost). A 17-item Opioid Attractiveness Scale (OAS) was constructed, focusing on factors intrinsic to the drug product. A total of 144 individuals participated in tests of validity and reliability. Internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach's α = 0.85–0.94). Drug rankings based on OAS scores achieved good inter-rater agreement (Kendall's W 0.37, p < 0.001). Agreement on drug OAS scores between the developmental sample and a confirmation sample was good (IntraClass Correlations [ICC] of 0.65–0.69). Global ratings of overall attractiveness of the 14 selected opioid products by substance abuse counselors corresponded with the rankings based on OAS ratings of the abuser group. Finally, substance abuse counselors completed the OAS, yielding a high level of correspondence with ratings by the abuser group (ICC = 0.83, p = 0.002). The OAS differentiated attractiveness among 14 selected pharmaceutical opioid products. OxyContin, Dilaudid, and Percocet were ranked highest (most attractive); Talwin NX and Duragesic were ranked lowest (least attractive). An initial examination of the psychometric properties of the OAS suggests that it is a valid and reliable scale. The OAS may be useful in providing important guidance on product features that are attractive to potential abusers.