“Down and Dirty:” The Use and Abuse of Public Trust in Risk Communication
“Down and Dirty:” The Use and Abuse of Public Trust in Risk Communication
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“沮丧和肮脏：”风险沟通中公众信任的使用和滥用
DOI：
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
W. Leiss
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Leiss
最近对风险沟通研究的许多贡献都强调了“信任”元素在成功沟通过程中的重要性。本文在考虑通过利益攸关方谈判就健康和环境风险争议事项寻求共识的背景下的风险沟通时使用了这一主题。它表明，根据历史经验，在这种情况下，各方有很好的理由彼此不信任。例如，有大量证据表明，风险推动者隐瞒或忽视相关风险数据，或只是通过有选择地使用这些数据来谋求自己的利益。由于风险评估中固有的不可避免的不确定性（以及缺乏所需的数据），这些行之有效的做法使其他利益相关者在所有此类谈判中面临的困难复杂化。这些因素促使参与者把这种谈判当作扑克游戏，在这种游戏中，虚张声势、提高赌注和揭穿别人的虚张声势是生存的关键。最后，我们应该认识到公民在试图弄清楚在我们面临的一系列风险、利益和权衡中，应该相信谁和什么来做出明智的决定时所面临的真正困境。
Many recent contributions to risk communication research stress the importance of the element of “trust” in the process of successful communication. This paper uses that theme in considering risk communication within the context of seeking consensus on matters of health and environmental risk controversies through stakeholder negotiation. It suggests that there are very good reasons, based on historical experience, for the parties to mistrust each other deeply in such settings. For example there is abundant evidence involving episodes in which risk promoters have concealed or ignored relevant risk data or simply have sought to advance their own interests by selective use of such data. These well-established practices compound the difficulties other stakeholders face, in all such negotiation, by virtue of the inescapable uncertainties (as well as absence of needed data) inherent in risk assessments. These factors encourage the participants to treat such negotiations as poker games in which bluffing, raising the ante, and calling the perceived bluffs of others are matters of survival. In the end we should recognize the genuine dilemmas that citizens face in trying to figure out who and what to believe in making sensible decisions among the range of risks, benefits, and tradeoffs that confront us.
沉默：石棉工业和早期职业癌症研究——案例研究。
影响因子：
12.7
作者：
Lilienfeld,DE
通讯作者：
Lilienfeld,DE