Evaluation of the measles, mumps and rubella immunisation programme in Spain by using a sero-epidemiological survey
Evaluation of the measles, mumps and rubella immunisation programme in Spain by using a sero-epidemiological survey
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1022567811765
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
de Ory, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amela, C;Pachón, I;de Ory, F
西班牙于1981年开始接种麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹疫苗，自1995年起开始接种15个月龄和11岁龄儿童各一次。报告的麻疹和风疹发病率不到每10万人1例，腮腺炎每10万人23例。进行了血清流行病学调查，以估计年龄和环境中易感人群的频率，以及疫苗接种覆盖率和接种疫苗的效力。然后进行了一项以人口为基础的横断面研究，涵盖了居住在西班牙(不包括加泰罗尼亚)的239岁人口。样本按年龄和城乡环境以及从采血中心的受试者那里采集血液样本所获得的知情同意分层。最终样本总数为3932人。采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测免疫球蛋白抗体。预计2~5岁儿童接种率为96%，麻疹、风疹、腮腺炎疫苗接种率分别为96.7%、97.2%和79.3%。6~9岁麻疹免疫力最低(90.8%)，15~24岁男性最低(86%和89.8%)。在腮腺炎病例中，这在25岁年龄组(76.7%)和那些只接种过Rubini菌株的自治区中被证明是最低的。麻疹的发病率使国家消除麻疹计划得以实施，从而现在可以开始消除先天性风疹综合症。对流行性腮腺炎观察到的较高敏感性的一个可能解释可能在于鲁比尼菌株的低疗效。
In Spain, measles, mumps and rubella vaccination was introduced in 1981, with one dose at the age of 15 months and another at the age of 11 years being administered since 1995. Reported disease incidence was less than one case per 100,000 people for measles and rubella, and 23 cases per 100,000 people for mumps. A seroepidemiological survey was undertaken to estimate the frequency of susceptible individuals by age and environment; and vaccination coverage and efficacy of the vaccines administered. A population-based cross-sectional study was then conducted, covering the population aged 2 39 years, residing in Spain ( excluding Catalonia). The sample was stratified by age and rural/urban environment and informed consent obtained to take blood specimens from subjects attending blood-extraction centres. The final sample totalled 3932 persons. IgG antibodies were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Estimated vaccination coverage was 96% for children aged 2 5 years; vaccine efficacies were 96.7% for measles, 97.2% for rubella and 79.3% for mumps. Immunity was the lowest in the 6 9 year age group for measles (90.8%) and in males aged between 15 and 24 years for rubella ( 86 and 89.8%, respectively). In the case of mumps, this proved the lowest in the 2 5 year age group (76.7%) and in those autonomous regions in which only the Rubini strain had been administered. The incidence of measles has enabled the National Measles Elimination Plan to be implemented by which the elimination of congenital rubella syndrome could now be initiated. A possible explanation for the higher susceptibility observed for mumps might lie in the Rubini strain's low efficacy.