Association of social isolation and health across different racial and ethnic groups of older Americans.
Association of social isolation and health across different racial and ethnic groups of older Americans.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0144686x14000890
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发表时间：
2015-11
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Miyawaki CE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Miyawaki CE
社会孤立是一个社会和公共卫生问题，影响到所有年龄段的人，特别是老年人。先前的研究发现，在许多工业化国家，社会孤立与负面健康结果有关。然而，尚不清楚这种关联是否以及如何因种族/民族和年龄而异。为了解决这一差距，本研究调查了美国黑人、白人和西班牙裔老年人的社会孤立与身心健康之间的关系。基于Cornwell和Waite的社会隔离感知孤立和社会脱节维度模型，作者使用了来自全国社会生活、健康和老龄化项目的3,005名57-85岁社区居民的全国代表性样本的多阶段调查数据。根据年龄、性别、婚姻状况、教育程度和种族/民族分别对健康状况进行了关联测试。采用多变量logistic回归对三组间的社会孤立与健康的关系进行单独检验。结果表明，社会孤立与身心健康密切相关。在白人老年人中，感知孤立和社会脱节与身心健康都有显著的负相关。对黑人来说，社会脱节与他们的身体健康呈负相关，而感知到的孤立与心理健康呈负相关。在西班牙裔老年人中，社会孤立与身体健康之间似乎没有关联，但与他们的心理健康存在显著的负相关。然而，尽管存在各种相关模式，但总体而言，社会孤立与三个老年人群体的健康结果相似。通过确定影响美国少数族裔老年人社会隔离和健康的因素，本研究与发展具有文化敏感性的医疗保健实践和服务相关，这可能适用于不同国家的少数族裔老年人。
Social isolation is a social and public health problem that affects people of all ages, especially elders. Previous studies have found that social isolation across numerous industrialised countries is associated with negative health outcomes. However, it is unknown whether and how this association differs by race/ethnicity and age. To begin to address this gap, this study examines the association of social isolation and physical and mental health among Black, White and Hispanic elders in the United States of America. Building on Cornwell and Waite's perceived isolation and social disconnectedness dimension model of social isolation, the author used multi-stage survey data from a nationally representative sample of 3,005 community-residing adults aged 57–85 from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. Tests for association were conducted on health by age, gender, marital status, education and race/ethnicity separately. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to test the association of social isolation and health exclusively and separately among these three groups. Results showed that social isolation is strongly associated with physical and mental health. Both perceived isolation and social disconnectedness had a significant negative association with physical and mental health among White elders. For Blacks, social disconnectedness is negatively associated with their physical health while perceived isolation had a negative association with mental health. Among Hispanic elders, there seemed to be no association between social isolation and physical health, but a significant negative association was found with their mental health. Despite various associated patterns, however, social isolation overall was associated with health outcomes that were similar across three elder groups. By identifying factors influencing social isolation and health among minority older Americans, this study has relevance to the development of culturally sensitive health-care practice and services, which may be applicable to minority elders in different countries.