Synthesis of Trialkylamines with Extreme Steric Hindrance and Their Decay by a Hofmann-like Elimination Reaction.

Synthesis of Trialkylamines with Extreme Steric Hindrance and Their Decay by a Hofmann-like Elimination Reaction.
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具有极端空间位阻的三烷基胺的合成及其通过类霍夫曼消除反应的衰变

DOI:
10.1021/acs.joc.0c01790
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
The Journal of organic chemistry
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
P. R. Rablen
P. R. Rablen
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
K. Banert;M. Hagedorn;M. Heck;R. Hertel;A. Ihle;I. Müller;T. Pester;T. Shoker;P. R. Rablen

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通过不同的合成方法,合成了一系列氮原子上具有三个大烷基的胺,它们的空间拥挤程度大大超过了三异丙胺。结果表明,在大量过量的四亚甲基二胺存在下,用有机金属化合物(例如格氏试剂)处理N-氯二烷基胺可最有效地获得目标化合物。并对该方法的限度进行了检验。三烷基胺进行脱烷基化反应,这取决于空间应力的程度,甚至在环境温度下。由于在该转化中形成烯烃,因此它显示出与霍夫曼消除的一些相似性。然而,空间拥挤的叔胺的热衰变不促进碱。相反,质子条件,甚至微量的水都强烈加速了这一反应。反应机理,这是分析与量子化学计算的帮助下,建议解释实验结果。
A number of amines with three bulky alkyl groups at the nitrogen, which surpass the steric crowding of triisopropylamine considerably, were prepared by using different synthetic methods. It turned out that treatment ofN-chlorodialkylamines with organometallic compounds, for example, Grignard reagents, in the presence of a major excess of tetramethylenediamine offered the most effective access to the target compounds. The limits of this method were also tested. The trialkylamines underwent a dealkylation reaction, depending on the degree of steric stress, even at ambient temperature. Because olefins were formed in this transformation, it showed some similarity with the Hofmann elimination. However, the thermal decay of sterically overcrowded tertiary amines was not promoted by bases. Instead, this reaction was strongly accelerated by protic conditions and even by trace amounts of water. Reaction mechanisms, which were analyzed with the help of quantum chemical calculations, are suggested to explain the experimental results.
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