Resource allocation to defence and growth are driven by different responses to generalist and specialist herbivory in an invasive plant
Resource allocation to defence and growth are driven by different responses to generalist and specialist herbivory in an invasive plant
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01704.x
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发表时间：
2010-09-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Ding, Jianqing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huang, Wei;Siemann, Evan;Ding, Jianqing
P>；1.入侵植物在它们引入的范围内经常有新的生物相互作用。这些相互作用，包括不太频繁的食草动物攻击，可能传递出相对于本土植物的竞争优势。入侵植物的防御策略(抗性与耐受性)或对食草动物类型的反应(多面手与专家)可能有所不同，但到目前为止还没有研究同时检查这一广泛的特征集。在此，我们考察了引进种群和本地种群对本地种群多面手(Cnidocampa Visescens)和专门化草食动物(Gadirtha Inecta)的抗性和耐性。在田间共同花园的抗性测试中，每个物种的毛虫都是在本地和入侵种群的植物上饲养的。我们发现，与本地种群相比，专家在入侵植物种群上生长得更大，消耗的数量更多，而通才则表现出相同的表现。这一结果与我们的实验室用离体叶进行的生物测定结果一致。化学分析表明，入侵植株的单宁含量低于本地植株，碳水化合物/蛋白质比高于本地植株，这表明入侵种群的植物改变了化学成分，对专科植物的影响大于对一般植物抗性的影响。为了测试草食动物耐受性的差异，植物首先被专家或多面手草食者去叶，然后让植物在田间普通花园中重新生长100天。我们发现，来自入侵种群的植物比本地种群具有更高的食草动物耐受性，特别是对多面手的耐受性。在没有食草动物的情况下，它们的生长速度也比当地同行快。综合。这些实验的结果表明，不同范围之间选择压力的差异已导致对专业草食动物的抗性显著降低，而这些植物次生化学的变化可能是这些差异的基础。入侵种群对草食的更大耐受性似乎至少在一定程度上反映了引入范围内生长速度的提高。对多面手食草动物的更大耐受性表明，对允许植物更能容忍多面手食草动物而不是专业食草动物的特征进行选择的可能性很有趣。
P>1. Invasive plants often have novel biotic interactions in their introduced ranges. These interactions, including less frequent herbivore attacks, may convey a competitive advantage over native plants. Invasive plants may vary in defence strategies (resistance vs. tolerance) or in response to the type of herbivore (generalists vs. specialists), but no study to date has examined this broad set of traits simultaneously.2. Here, we examined resistance and tolerance of Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera) populations from the introduced and native ranges to generalist (Cnidocampa flavescens) and specialist herbivores (Gadirtha inexacta) in the native range.3. In a field common-garden test of resistance, caterpillars of each species were raised on plants from native and invasive populations. We found the specialist grew larger on and consumed more mass of invasive plant populations than native populations, while the generalist showed the same performance between them. The results were consistent with our laboratory bioassay using excised leaves. Chemical analyses showed that the invasive plants had lower tannin content and higher ratio of carbohydrate to protein than those of their native counterparts, suggesting that plants from invasive populations have altered chemistry that has a larger impact on specialist than on generalist resistance.4. To test for differences in herbivore tolerance, plants were first defoliated by specialist or generalist herbivory and then allowed to regrow for 100 days in a field common garden. We found that plants from invasive populations had greater herbivore tolerance than native populations, especially for tolerance to generalists. They also grew more rapidly than native counterparts in the absence of herbivory.5. Synthesis. The results of these experiments indicate that differences in selective pressures between ranges have caused dramatic reductions in resistance to specialist herbivores and those changes in plant secondary chemistry likely underlie these differences. The greater tolerance of invasive populations to herbivory appears to at least partly reflect an increase in growth rate in the introduced range. The greater tolerance to generalist herbivores suggests the intriguing possibility of selection for traits that allow plants to tolerate generalist herbivores more than specialist herbivores.