Electrical energy storage for transportation-approaching the limits of, and going beyond, lithium-ion batteries
Electrical energy storage for transportation-approaching the limits of, and going beyond, lithium-ion batteries
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DOI：
10.1039/c2ee21892e
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发表时间：
2012-07-01
影响因子：
32.5
通讯作者：
Isaacs, Eric D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thackeray, Michael M.;Wolverton, Christopher;Isaacs, Eric D.
石油价格的不断上涨和不可预测，主要石油资源集中在少数政治敏感国家手中，以及二氧化碳排放对全球气候的长期影响，构成了21世纪世纪的主要挑战。它们也是利用替代能源和车辆推进手段的主要动力。今天的锂离子电池虽然适用于小型设备，但还没有足够的能量或寿命用于与内燃机车辆的性能相匹配的车辆。为了满足下一代插电式混合动力电动汽车（PHEV）的性能目标，需要2倍和5倍的能量密度，其中插电式混合动力电动汽车（PHEV）的全电动范围为40-80英里，而全电动汽车（EV）的性能目标为300-400英里。在过去的二十年里，锂电池技术取得了重大进展，通过直觉方法，实验和预测推理以及对表面结构和化学反应的细致控制发现了新材料和设计。对于目前的锂离子系统，能量密度的进一步提高可能达到2到3倍;对于锂氧系统，5倍或更多的能量密度可能是可能的，最终导致我们能够将极高的势能限制在小体积中而不影响安全性，但前提是可以克服令人生畏的技术障碍。
The escalating and unpredictable cost of oil, the concentration of major oil resources in the hands of a few politically sensitive nations, and the long-term impact of CO2 emissions on global climate constitute a major challenge for the 21st century. They also constitute a major incentive to harness alternative sources of energy and means of vehicle propulsion. Today's lithium-ion batteries, although suitable for small-scale devices, do not yet have sufficient energy or life for use in vehicles that would match the performance of internal combustion vehicles. Energy densities 2 and 5 times greater are required to meet the performance goals of a future generation of plug-in hybrid-electric vehicles (PHEVs) with a 40-80 mile all-electric range, and all-electric vehicles (EVs) with a 300-400 mile range, respectively. Major advances have been made in lithium-battery technology over the past two decades by the discovery of new materials and designs through intuitive approaches, experimental and predictive reasoning, and meticulous control of surface structures and chemical reactions. Further improvements in energy density of factors of two to three may yet be achievable for current day lithium-ion systems; factors of five or more may be possible for lithium-oxygen systems, ultimately leading to our ability to confine extremely high potential energy in a small volume without compromising safety, but only if daunting technological barriers can be overcome.