Sturgeon aquaculture in China: progress, strategies and prospects assessed on the basis of nation-wide surveys (2007–2009)
Sturgeon aquaculture in China: progress, strategies and prospects assessed on the basis of nation-wide surveys (2007–2009)
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01669.x
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发表时间：
2011-04
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Q. Wei;Y. Zou;Ping Li;L. Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Q. Wei;Y. Zou;Ping Li;L. Li
作者研究了中国鲟鱼养殖的现状，包括其地理分布、养殖物种、总体生产趋势、控制繁殖状况、苗种产量和出口。这项研究是基于2009年7月和8月对125个农场进行的全国性调查以及以前研究的数据。普查显示：（1）四川（含重庆）、北京、湖北、山东、湖南是主要的生产省份;施氏鲟是主要养殖种类，占总产量的95%，（iii）养殖鲟鱼产量稳步增长，从2006年的17424 t增加到2009年的21000 t，（iv）养殖种群总储量不断增加，目前估计达到122万尾，（五）近3年来，中国人工养殖亲鱼受精卵或仔稚鱼供应总量有所增加，基本能够满足国内养殖需求，而从野外获取和从其他国家进口的苗种数量逐渐减少，以及（六）自2006年以来，我国已开始出口养殖鱼子酱，出口量逐年增加，鱼子酱加工厂数量也不断增加。此外，养殖鲟鱼的其他增值产品（如医疗保健品、化妆品、皮革等）近年来，在中国市场上。针对我国鲟鱼养殖业的发展，提出了今后的发展对策：（i）充分利用资源;（ii）加强管理策略，提高养殖技术;（iii）制定和实施标签制度，以确保质量;（iv）促进深加工（v）加强广泛的遗传学研究以及关于雌核发育和配子冷冻保存的研究，以更好地管理资源，（vi）提高对鲟鱼早期性别分化的认识，（vii）制定可持续鲟鱼水产养殖管理标准。结合目前鲟鱼养殖的进展，对未来鲟鱼养殖的前景进行了评估：（i）大量水产养殖将有潜力为鱼子酱市场服务，养殖鱼子酱可能取代野生产品，（ii）产品多样化将增加，并以出口市场为目标，（iii）以人工繁殖方式培育幼鱼的孵化场，将完全取代从野生及进口的资源供应，逐步建立鲟鱼养殖产业链，实现鲟鱼养殖的可持续发展。
Summary The authors examined the current status of sturgeon aquaculture in China, including its geographic distribution, an account on farmed species, overall production trends, state of controlled reproduction, seedling output and export. The study is based on a nationwide survey of 125 farms undertaken July and August 2009 together with data from previous studies. The census shows that: (i) the main provinces in increasing order of production are Sichuan (including Chongqing), Beijing, Hubei, Shandong and Hunan, (ii) Acipenser baerii, (and its hybrids) and A. schrenckii are the dominant cultured species, accounting for 95% of the total production, (iii) the production of farmed sturgeon has experienced a steady increase, from 17 424 t in 2006 to 21 000 t in 2009, (iv) the total reserves of captive stocks have continuously increased, reaching at present an estimated 1.22 million individuals, (v) the total supply of fertilized eggs or larvae from farmed broodstocks in China has gone up during the past 3 years, and can now basically meet the domestic demand for farming, while the number of seedlings obtained from the wild and imported from other countries gradually declined, and (vi) since 2006, China has started to export farmed caviar and the exports have been increasing year by year, meanwhile, the number of caviar processing factories has also increased. Moreover, other valueadded products derived from farmed sturgeon (e.g. medical and health products, cosmetics, leather etc.) appeared in recent years on China markets. Corresponding to the sturgeon aquaculture development in China, some additional future aquaculture strategies are discussed: (i) make full use of the resources, (ii) strengthen management strategies and upgrade the culture techniques, (iii) develop and implement labeling systems for good quality control, (iv) foster deep-processing (value added products) in sturgeon farming to widen market options, (v) enhance extensive genetic studies and research on gynogenesis and cryopreservation of gametes for better resource management, (vi) improve the knowledge on early sex-differentiation in sturgeon, and (vii) prepare standards for management of sustainable sturgeon aquaculture. Considering the current progress of sturgeon aquaculture, the prospects of future sturgeon farming are assessed: (i) there will be a potential for considerable aquaculture to serve the caviar market, and farmed caviar may replace wild products, (ii) product diversification will increase and target for export markets, (iii) hatchery operations to produce juveniles from controlled reproduction will completely replace supply from wild and imported resources, and (iv) an industry chain will be gradually established to ensure sustainable sturgeon aquaculture production in China.