Effects of Sleep Schedules on Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Performance
Effects of Sleep Schedules on Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Performance
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睡眠时间表对商用机动车辆驾驶员表现的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Belenky
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Balkin;D. Thome;H. Sing;Maria L. Thomas;D. Redmond;N. Wesensten;Jason D. Williams;S. Hall;G. Belenky
该项目包括两项研究-一项现场研究，使用腕部动作记录仪来确定长途和短途商用汽车(CMV)司机连续20天的睡眠时间和时间；以及一项针对CMV司机的睡眠剂量/反应(SDR)实验室研究，以确定连续七天3、5、7和9小时的卧床时间(TIB)对性能(包括模拟驾驶)的影响。后一项研究(SDR)的结果被用来优化沃尔特里德睡眠表现模型(SPM)的参数--这是一种根据先前的睡眠和昼夜节律预测表现的数学算法。SPM已集成到当前版本的睡眠手表Actigraph中，这是一种用于管理操作环境中的睡眠和性能的手腕设备。在第一章中，我们介绍了睡眠缺失导致的绩效下降的理论背景。第二章提供了SDR(实验室)研究中使用的方法，以及该研究的详细结果。第三章介绍了SPM的发展背景，并对SPM进行了详细的描述。第四章介绍了实地研究中使用的方法，以及研究的详细结果。第五章对结果、结论和建议进行了概述和综合。本项目CMV司机现场研究部分的结果显示，每天的睡眠时间与下班时间相关，长途和短途司机平均每晚睡眠时间约为7.5小时--这在正常范围内。然而，两组人的睡眠时间在每天之间存在显著的变异性，与工作/休息时间表无关。因此，除了优化工作/休息时间表外，研究其他方法以提高司机的表现和警觉性是可取的。在本项目的特别提款权实验室研究部分，与睡眠时间有关的白天表现差异很明显，即使夜间平均睡眠时间的微小差异也会导致可测量的表现下降。在连续7天的睡眠限制中，表现持续下降，这表明即使是轻微的睡眠不足也没有补偿或适应性反应。在更严格的睡眠限制(例如，3小时TIB组)之后，在连续三个晚上的恢复睡眠(每晚在床上度过8个小时)后，表现没有完全恢复。这表明，从严重的睡眠债务中完全恢复可能需要几天的恢复睡眠。
This project was comprised of two studies - a field study using wrist actigraphy to determine sleep duration and timing in long- versus short-haul commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers over 20 consecutive days; and a sleep dose/response (SDR) laboratory study on CMV drivers to determine the effects of 3, 5, 7, and 9 hours time in bed (TIB) on performance (including simulated driving) over seven consecutive days. Findings from the latter (SDR) study were used to optimize the parameters of the Walter Reed Sleep Performance Model (SPM) - a mathematical algorithm to predict performance based on prior sleep and circadian rhythm. The SPM has been integrated into the current version of the Sleep Watch Actigraph, a wrist-worn device for management of sleep and performance in the operational environment. In Chapter 1, theoretical background on the nature of sleep loss-induced performance decrements is presented. Chapter 2 provides the methodology used in the SDR (laboratory) study, and the detailed results of that study. Chapter 3 provides the background for SPM development, and a detailed description of the SPM. Chapter 4 presents the methodology used in the field study, and the detailed results of that study. Chapter 5 provides an overview and synthesis of results, conclusions, and recommendations. Results from the CMV drivers field study portion of the present project show that daily sleep duration is correlated with duration of off-duty time, and both long- and short-haul drivers average approximately 7 1/2 hours of sleep per night - which is within normal limits. However, there is significant day-to-day variability in sleep duration in both groups that is unrelated to work/rest schedule. Therefore, in addition to optimizing work/rest schedules, investigation of additional means for improving driver performance and alertness is advisable. In the SDR laboratory study portion of the present project, sleep duration-related differences in daytime performance were evident, with even small differences in average nighttime sleep duration resulting in measurable performance decrements. Performance decrements were maintained across the entire 7 consecutive days of sleep restriction, suggesting that there was no compensatory or adaptive response to even mild sleep loss. Following more severe sleep restriction (e.g., the 3-hr TIB group) recovery of performance was not complete after three consecutive nights of recovery sleep (with 8 hours spent in bed each night). This suggests that full recovery from substantial sleep debt may require several days of extended recovery sleep.