From town to national park: Understanding the long-term effects of hunting and logging on tree communities in Central Africa
From town to national park: Understanding the long-term effects of hunting and logging on tree communities in Central Africa
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从城镇到国家公园：了解狩猎和伐木对中部非洲树木群落的长期影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119571
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Poulsen, John R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maicher, Vincent;Clark, Connie J.;Harris, David J.;Medjibe, Vincent P.;Poulsen, John R.
人为干扰正在改变全世界热带森林的结构和组成。在森林中经常同时发生多种干扰。例如，狩猎和伐木是森林内部的干扰，影响了大片看似完整的雨林。尽管最近的工作对这些干扰的个人影响，我们的理解，他们如何相互作用，影响树木群落仍然是有限的。在刚果共和国的北方，我们探索了狩猎和伐木对树木群落的影响。在为期8年的时间里，我们监测了12,552树干（≥ 10厘米直径的胸高）分布在30个1公顷的地块沿着梯度的人类干扰，比较树木多样性之间的狩猎和采伐森林，一次采伐森林，和保护林的干扰。树木密度，物种丰富度和社区组成的影响狩猎和伐木。在人口普查中，靠近人类住区的森林更丰富，更异质，物种组成更有活力。在狩猎和采伐的森林中，耐荫性低的速生次生林取代了老的树种。相比之下，一次登录的森林有最大的干密度和中间的物种丰富度随着时间的推移，密度增加的阴轴承物种。树种的空间周转和树木的补充，极大地影响了接近人类住区。向非生物分散的树木和增加种子捕食附近村庄的啮齿动物可以部分解释树木招聘的差异在森林类型。狩猎和伐木的结合似乎对树木群落的影响比任何一种单一的干扰都大，特别是在靠近村庄的情况下。
Anthropogenic disturbances are changing the structure and composition of tropical forests worldwide. Multiple disturbances often occur simultaneously in forests. Hunting and logging, for example, are within-forest disturbances that impact vast areas of seemingly intact rainforests. Despite recent work on the individual effects of these disturbances, our understanding of how they interact to influence tree communities is still limited. In northern Republic of Congo, we explored the effects of hunting and logging on tree communities. Over an 8-year period, we monitored 12,552 tree stems (≥10 cm diameter-at-breast height) spread over 30 1-ha plots along a gradient of human disturbance to compare the tree diversity between hunted and logged forest, once-logged forest, and protected forest free of both disturbances. Tree density, species richness, and community composition were affected by both hunting and logging. Forest close to human settlements was richer, more heterogenous, and more dynamic in species composition across censuses. In hunted and logged forest, fast-growing secondary species with low shade tolerance replaced old growth species. Comparatively, the once-logged forest had the greatest stem density and intermediate species richness with an increased density of shade-bearing species over time. Both tree species spatial turnover and tree recruitment were greatly affected by proximity to human settlements. A shift towards abiotically dispersed trees and increasing seed predation by rodents near villages can partly explain the differences in tree recruitment across the forest types. The combination of hunting and logging seems to have a greater impact on tree communities than either single disturbance, especially with nearness to villages.
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