Renal excretion of urate: factors determining the actions of drugs.
Renal excretion of urate: factors determining the actions of drugs.
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尿酸盐的肾脏排泄：决定药物作用的因素。
DOI：
10.1038/ki.1980.184
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发表时间：
1980
影响因子：
19.6
通讯作者：
Weiner,IM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roch-Ramel,F;Weiner,IM
我们的任务是覆盖文献尿酸排泄研究的微量技术，相关的研究药物，以及足够的其他文献，把上述的背景。此外，我们还被要求对个别肾单位尿酸盐转运研究中的某些技术问题发表评论。篇幅不允许系统地考虑已知改变一个或多个物种中尿酸盐肾脏分布的各种药物。相反，我们将集中讨论决定药物作用方向和程度的尿酸盐排泄的生理因素。最近的综述[1-4]中总结了许多关于单个药物的文献。关于尿酸盐排泄的有趣观察结果中有很大一部分是在人体研究中进行的。对这些现象的一些解释是基于对其他动物的观察。例如，观察比较生理学在Gutman和Yü关于尿酸盐排泄的三组分机制的阐述中的使用[5]。后来，人们尝试通过各种技术（包括微穿刺、体内微灌注、体外微灌注、肾小管微注射和毛细血管微灌注）在动物中进行研究来验证为人类肾脏开发的假设。这些研究和其他使用更传统技术的研究在尿酸盐排泄的比较生理学中产生了一种非常复杂的模式，令我们惊讶的是，一般来说，有机阴离子转运。这种复杂性可以被看作是提供了各种机会，以找到在人类中观察到的现象的特定模型，或作为各种陷阱，导致对人类生理学的虚假解释。两种观点都有可取之处。
Our assignment is to cover the literature on urate excretion as studied by microtechniques, the related studies on drugs, and sufficient other literature to put the foregoing in context. In addition, we have been asked to comment on certain technical problems attending studies of urate transport in individual nephrons. Space will not permit systematic consideration of the various drugs known to alter the renal disposition of urate in one or more species. Instead, we will concentrate on the physiologic factors of urate excretion that determine the direction and extent of drug action. Much of the literature on individual drugs has been summarized in recent reviews [1-4].A large fraction of the interesting observations on urate excretion have been made in studies on humans. Some of the interpretations of these phenomena were based on observations made in other animals. For example, observe the use of comparative physiology in the Gutman and Yü exposition of the three-component mechanism for urate excretion [5]. Later, attempts were made to verify the hypotheses developed for the human kidney by studies in animals with a variety of techniques including mi-cropuncture, in vivo microperfusion, in vitro microperfusion, tubular microinjection, and capillary microperfusion. These studies and others using more conventional techniques are producing a pattern of great complexity in the comparative physiology of urate excretion and, to our surprise, of organic anion transport in general. This complexity may be viewed either as offering a variety of opportunities for finding particular models of the phenomena observed in humans or as a variety of traps leading to spurious interpretations of human physiology. Both views have merit.