The Grape Root System
The Grape Root System
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葡萄根系统
DOI：
10.1002/9781118060728.ch3
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Richards
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Richards
根和根系统的研究还没有像枝条和生殖器官那样广泛。根在土壤中不容易被看到或从土壤中分离出来，它们很脆弱，很容易损坏，最重要的是，它们的数量和变异性很大，很难测量。尽管有这些困难，但对根系统的研究是必不可少的，因为根提供了地上部分所需的大部分水分和营养，并且它们合成了枝条系统充分发育所需的激素。因此，作为“全植物生理学”方法的一部分，人们对根和地上部系统之间的相互作用的研究越来越感兴趣。在葡萄中，就像在大多数作物中一样，我们的兴趣最终在于改善根系功能，以增加顶部生长、产量和浆果质量。我们这样做的方式取决于我们对根生长、根功能和根环境之间关系的了解。本文着重介绍了葡萄根系的解剖和形态与土壤环境和根系功能的关系。此外，根据根与地上部系统之间存在的平衡以及根合成的激素，特别是细胞分裂素的参与，对根与地上部系统之间的相互关系进行了研究。
Roots and root systems have not been studied as extensively as shoots and reproductive organs. Roots cannot be readily viewed in the soil or separated from it, they are fragile and easily damaged, and most impor-tantly, they are difficult to measure because of their great numbers and variability. Despite these difficulties, studies of the root system are essential because roots supply most of the water and nutrient requirements of the above-ground parts and they synthesize hormones that are needed for the adequate development of the shoot system. Thus, interest has increased in the study of the interactions between the root and shoot systems as part of a" whole plant physiology" approach. In the grapevine, as in most crops, our interest ultimately lies in improving root function in order to increase top growth, yield, and berry quality. The way in which we do this depends on our knowledge of the relationships between root growth, root function, and the root environ-ment. This review places special emphasis on the anatomy and mor-phology of grapevine roots in relation to soil environment and to root function. In addition, the interrelationship between the root and shoot systems is examined with reference to the balance that exists between them and to the involvement of root-synthesized hormones, especially cytokinins.