Deforestation and threats to the biodiversity of Amazonia.
Deforestation and threats to the biodiversity of Amazonia.
复制标题
森林砍伐和对亚马逊流域生物多样性的威胁。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Higuchi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
I. Vieira;Peter Toledo;J. M. D. Silva;H. Higuchi
这是对目前被认为威胁亚马逊地区生物多样性的主要因素的回顾。砍伐森林和扩大农业前沿是在该区域占领和土地使用的背景下齐头并进的，随后是自1950年代以来仓促的工业化进程，以及最近全国范围内努力使巴西适应经济全球化。集约化农业和养牛、缺乏领土规划、官方机构经常提倡的某些作物单一种植以及通过种植引进外来物种，这些都是影响亚马逊生物多样性的一些因素。为了更好地了解当地生态系统以便保护它们，在知识方面仍然存在很大差距，但这种调查受到法律当局和有影响力的媒体的错误信息、虚假信息和纯粹无知的多重阻碍。可获得的特定生物群体的数据表明，与砍伐森林有关的自然资源损失和浪费的程度令人震惊，据估计，一年内丢失的鸟类和灵长类动物的数量是全球非法商业化这类动物的十倍以上。要应对最终扭转这一局面的挑战，需要进行更系统和协调一致的研究，合并新的和现有的研究小组，并呼吁停止消耗亚马逊热带雨林的活动。
This is a review of the main factors currently perceived as threats to the biodiversity of Amazonia. Deforestation and the expansion of the agricultural frontier go hand in hand within the context of occupation and land use in the region, followed by a hasty process of industrialization since the 1950s and, more recently, by a nation-wide attempt to adapt Brazil to economic globalization. Intensive agriculture and cattle-raising, lack of territorial planning, the monoculture of certain crops often promoted by official agencies, and the introduction of exotic species by cultivation are some of the factors affecting Amazonian biodiversity. There are still large gaps in knowledge that need to be dealt with for a better understanding of the local ecosystems so as to allow their preservation, but such investigation is subjected to manifold hindrances by misinformation, disinformation and sheer ignorance from the legal authorities and influential media. Data available for select groups of organisms indicate that the magnitude of the loss and waste of natural resources associated with deforestation is staggering, with estimated numbers of lost birds and primates being over ten times that of such animals illegally commercialized around the world in one year. The challenges to be met for an eventual reversal of this situation demand more systematic and concerted studies, the consolidation of new and existing research groups, and a call for a halt to activities depleting the Amazonian rainforest.