Evidence for recovery of fear following immediate extinction in rats and humans
Evidence for recovery of fear following immediate extinction in rats and humans
复制标题
DOI：
10.1101/lm.909208
复制
发表时间：
2008-06-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Phelps, Elizabeth A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schiller, Daniela;Cain, Christopher K.;Phelps, Elizabeth A.
恐惧反应可以通过消退来消除，这是一个涉及呈现引发恐惧的刺激而没有厌恶结果的过程。灭绝被认为是由新的抑制性学习介导的，这种学习可以抑制恐惧的表达，而不会消除原始的记忆痕迹。这一假设主要得到行为数据的支持，这些数据表明恐惧可以在灭绝后恢复。然而，迈尔斯及其同事最近的一份报告表明，恐惧学习后立即进行的灭绝可能会消除或阻止恐惧记忆痕迹的巩固。由于灭绝是几乎所有人类恐惧症行为疗法的主要组成部分，这一发现支持了这样一种观点，即在创伤事件后不久开始的治疗干预将更有效。鉴于这个问题的重要性，以及关于立即与延迟治疗干预的争议，我们研究了大鼠和人类的两种恐惧恢复现象：自发恢复（SR）和恢复。我们在大鼠和人类中发现了SR和恢复的证据，即使在恐惧学习后立即进行灭绝。因此，我们的数据并不支持立即消失会消除原始记忆痕迹的假设，也不表明治疗干预与创伤事件的时间接近可能是有利的。
Fear responses can be eliminated through extinction, a procedure involving the presentation of fear-eliciting stimuli without aversive outcomes. Extinction is believed to be mediated by new inhibitory learning that acts to suppress fear expression without erasing the original memory trace. This hypothesis is supported mainly by behavioral data demonstrating that fear can recover following extinction. However, a recent report by Myers and coworkers suggests that extinction conducted immediately after fear learning may erase or prevent the consolidation of the fear memory trace. Since extinction is a major component of nearly all behavioral therapies for human fear disorders, this finding supports the notion that therapeutic intervention beginning very soon after a traumatic event will be more efficacious. Given the importance of this issue, and the controversy regarding immediate versus delayed therapeutic interventions, we examined two fear recovery phenomena in both rats and humans: spontaneous recovery (SR) and reinstatement. We found evidence for SR and reinstatement in both rats and humans even when extinction was conducted immediately after fear learning. Thus, our data do not support the hypothesis that immediate extinction erases the original memory trace, nor do they suggest that a close temporal proximity of therapeutic intervention to the traumatic event might be advantageous.