Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid (System N/A) transporters of the SLC38 gene family
Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid (System N/A) transporters of the SLC38 gene family
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DOI：
10.1007/s00424-003-1117-9
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发表时间：
2004-02-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Erickson, JD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mackenzie, B;Erickson, JD
SLC38基因家族的钠偶联中性氨基酸转运蛋白（SNAT）在其功能特性和调控模式方面类似于经典描述的系统A和系统N转运活性。系统A亚型（SNAT 1、SNAT 2和SNAT 4）对小的脂肪族氨基酸的转运具有流变性和pH敏感性。系统N亚型SNAT 3和SNAT 5也反向转运H+，这可能是它们反向运作的关键，并且具有比系统A亚型更窄的底物分布。谷氨酰胺作为整个家族的有利底物出现，除了SNAT4。SLC38转运蛋白无疑发挥许多生理作用，包括在中枢神经系统中将谷氨酰胺从星形胶质细胞转移到神经元，在肝脏中的氨解毒和氨生成，以及对酸中毒的肾脏反应。探索它们的调节已经揭示了额外的作用，并且最近的工作已经将SLC 38转运蛋白视为肿瘤形成的治疗靶点。
The sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporters (SNAT) of the SLC38 gene family resemble the classically-described System A and System N transport activities in terms of their functional properties and patterns of regulation. Transport of small, aliphatic amino acids by System A subtypes (SNAT1, SNAT2, and SNAT4) is rheogenic and pH sensitive. The System N subtypes SNAT3 and SNAT5 also countertransport H+, which may be key to their operation in reverse, and have narrower substrate profiles than do the System A subtypes. Glutamine emerges as a favored substrate throughout the family, except for SNAT4. The SLC38 transporters undoubtedly play many physiological roles including the transfer of glutamine from astrocyte to neuron in the CNS, ammonia detoxification and gluconeogenesis in the liver, and the renal response to acidosis. Probing their regulation has revealed additional roles, and recent work has considered SLC38 transporters as therapeutic targets in neoplasia.