The Roles of Angiogenesis in Malignant Melanoma: Trends in Basic Science Research over the Last 100 Years.
The Roles of Angiogenesis in Malignant Melanoma: Trends in Basic Science Research over the Last 100 Years.
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DOI：
10.5402/2012/546927
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pritchard Jones R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dewing D;Emmett M;Pritchard Jones R
血管在进化过程中出现，通过复杂的血管网络穿透器官和组织，将氧气和营养物质运送到远处的器官。哺乳动物细胞需要氧气和营养物质才能生存，其中氧气在细胞和血管之间的扩散极限为100至200 μm。为了生长超过这个界限，细胞必须招募新的血管，首先通过血管发生，其中胚胎血管由内皮前体形成，然后是血管生成，即间质组织柱发芽到预先存在的血管的管腔中。血管生成发生在许多炎性疾病和许多恶性疾病状态中，包括超过90%的实体瘤。恶性黑色素瘤（MM）是最致命的皮肤癌，高度血管生成，高度转移，并且对所有治疗都难治。血清血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）水平升高与MM疾病进展和不良预后密切相关。黑色素瘤细胞分泌几种促血管生成细胞因子，包括VEGF-A、成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF-2）、血小板生长因子（PGF-1）、白细胞介素-8（IL-8）和转化生长因子（TGF-1），其调节血管生成开关，在肿瘤从径向向侵袭性垂直生长和然后转移性生长转变期间改变表达水平。我们强调了现代和历史的研究和发展，目前正在推动这一令人兴奋的研究领域。
Blood vessels arose during evolution carrying oxygen and nutrients to distant organs via complex networks of blood vessels penetrating organs and tissues. Mammalian cells require oxygen and nutrients for survival, of which oxygen has a diffusion limit of 100 to 200 μm between cell and blood vessel. For growth beyond this margin, cells must recruit new blood vessels, first by vasculogenesis, where embryonic vessels form from endothelial precursors, then angiogenesis which is the sprouting of interstitial tissue columns into the lumen of preexisting blood vessels. Angiogenesis occurs in many inflammatory diseases and in many malignant disease states, including over 90% of solid tumours. Malignant melanoma (MM) is the most lethal skin cancer, highly angiogenic, highly metastatic, and refractory to all treatments. Raised serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) strongly correlate MM disease progression and poor prognosis. Melanoma cells secrete several proangiogenic cytokines including VEGF-A, fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), platelet growth factor (PGF-1), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and transforming growth factor (TGF-1) that modulate the angiogenic switch, changing expression levels during tumour transition from radial to invasive vertical and then metastatic growth. We highlight modern and historical lines of research and development that are driving this exciting area of research currently.