Non-methane volatile organic compounds emitted from domestic fuels in Delhi: Emission factors and total city-wide emissions
Non-methane volatile organic compounds emitted from domestic fuels in Delhi: Emission factors and total city-wide emissions
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aeaoa.2021.100127
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发表时间：
2021-08-27
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Mandal, T. K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mondal, Arnab;Saharan, Ummed Singh;Mandal, T. K.
在受控的实验室条件下，从德里的56个网格收集的62个家用燃料样品被燃烧，以量化23种非甲烷挥发性有机化合物（NMVOCs）的排放，即，烷烃（11）、烯烃（6）、炔烃（1）和芳族化合物（5）。用于居民活动的家庭燃料包括20种独特的薪材、3种作物残渣、粪饼和煤。这些燃料主要用于冬季烹饪和水/空间加热。目前的研究报告了德里地区家庭燃烧产生的NMVOCs的总排放预算。此外，本研究还比较了不同燃烧周期和样品采集方法下计算的NMVOCs的EFs的差异。分析了23种NMVOCs在燃烧过程中的挥发系数，并与燃烧过程中排放的同类物质进行了比较。除此之外，根据地面调查和实验室模拟结果，还在德里确定了10个消费和排放热点网格。德里2019年的国内燃料年总使用量为0.415百万吨/年。计算出的NMVOC年排放量为12.01 Gg/yr，其中粪饼和薪柴的排放量分别为6.6 Gg/yr和5.4 Gg/yr。采用滤罐法和在线收集法计算的NMVOCs排放系数差异显著。燃烧阶段的排放量比整个燃烧周期增加了约7倍，这表明数据分析方法和样品收集时间在编制排放清单和估算预算中起着关键作用。
In controlled laboratory conditions, 62 samples of domestic fuels collected from 56 grids of Delhi were burnt to quantify the emissions of 23 non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), i.e., alkanes (11), alkenes (6), alkynes (1) and aromatic compounds (5). The domestic fuels used for residential activities were comprised of 20 unique types of fuel woods, 3 species of crop residue, dung cakes and coal. These fuels are primarily used for cooking and water/space heating during winters. The current study reports the total emission budget of NMVOCs from domestic burning over Delhi. Furthermore, this study also compares the differences in EFs of NMVOCs which are calculated for different burning cycles and sample collection methods. The EFs of NMVOCs calculated from the samples collected during the flaming stage using canisters were analysed for 23 NMVOCs and then compared with same species emitted from complete burning cycle. In addition to this, 10 consumption and emission hotspot grids were also identified in Delhi; based on the ground survey and laboratory simulated results. The total annual usage of domestic fuels for the year 2019 was found to be 0.415 Mt/yr (million tonnes) in Delhi. 12.01 Gg/yr of annual NMVOC emissions was calculated from domestic fuel burning in which the emissions from dung cake and fuel wood dominated with 6.6 Gg/yr and 5.4 Gg/yr, respectively. The EFs of NMVOCs calculated using canister and online collection method differ significantly from each other. The flaming stage presented enhanced emissions compared to the complete burning cycle by similar to 7 times which suggests that the method of data analysis and the period of sample collection play a pivotal role in the preparation of an emission inventory and estimating the budget.