Hydraulic landscapes in Mesopotamia: the role of human niche construction
Hydraulic landscapes in Mesopotamia: the role of human niche construction
复制标题
美索不达米亚的水力景观：人类生态位建设的作用
DOI：
10.1007/s12685-015-0127-9
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jaafar Jotheri
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Wilkinson;Louise Rayne;Jaafar Jotheri
人类生态位的构建强调生物体改变其环境的能力，从而影响其自身和其他物种的进化。对于美索不达米亚南部的水力景观，我们利用地质考古数据、遥感和古代文献表明，美索不达米亚中部平原的主要灌溉系统是一种人字形系统，它们是通过人类沿着高堤精心设计裂缝而形成的生态位建设而发展起来的。这些系统的显著持续时间（大约4000多年）表明：(a)它们可以持续数千年，(b)短的组成运河可以由小的血统管理。然而，他们同样可以被置于国家的管理之下。
Human niche construction emphasizes the capacity of organisms to modify their environment and thereby influence their own and other species’ evolution. For the hydraulic landscapes of southern Mesopotamia we employ geoarchaeological data, remote sensing and ancient texts to suggest that major irrigation systems in the central Mesopotamian plains were a form of herringbone system and that they developed through human niche construction as a result of the elaboration of crevasse splays along raised levees. The remarkable duration of these systems (some 4000 plus years) suggest that (a) they were sustainable over many millennia and (b) the short component canals could be managed by small lineages. However, equally they could be brought under the administration of the state.