Resource Type and Availability Regulate Fungal Communities Along Arable Soil Profiles
Resource Type and Availability Regulate Fungal Communities Along Arable Soil Profiles
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DOI：
10.1007/s00248-015-0569-8
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发表时间：
2015-02
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Julia Moll;K. Goldmann;S. Kramer;Stefan Hempel;E. Kandeler;S. Marhan;Liliane Ruess;D. Krüger;F. Buscot
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Julia Moll;K. Goldmann;S. Kramer;Stefan Hempel;E. Kandeler;S. Marhan;Liliane Ruess;D. Krüger;F. Buscot
土壤真菌在植物来源的有机物质进入土壤的分解过程中起着至关重要的作用。有机化合物的质量和数量随季节和土壤深度的不同而变化。为了阐明这些资源如何影响可耕作土壤中的真菌群落，我们以玉米和小麦两种植物为材料进行了田间试验。在秋季收获后，其中一半的玉米和小麦地块上的玉米凋落物投入对资源的可利用性进行了实验操纵。真菌生物量通过麦角甾醇定量测定，群落结构通过真菌自动核糖体基因间隔区分析(F-ARSA)进行研究。在深度梯度上评估了年度周期，区分了三种土壤生境：耕层、耕层下的有根土壤和更深的无根土壤。真菌群落表现出高度的活力，并随土壤深度和植物资源的不同而变化。在耕层中，凋落物的有效性对真菌群落的形成起主导作用，而在根层中，群落结构和生物量主要在不同植物之间存在差异。这种植物效应也延伸到70厘米深的无根土壤中。在冬季，凋落物的有效性也影响了土壤深层的真菌群落，这表明在休耕条件下的垂直运输过程。这些不同的资源效应表明土壤剖面上不同的生态位，包括特定的真菌集合群落。记录的对活植物和凋落物的反应表明，真菌在连接植物-土壤系统内的初级生产和分解方面发挥了核心作用。
Soil fungi play an essential role in the decomposition of plant-derived organic material entering soils. The quality and quantity of organic compounds vary seasonally as well as with soil depth. To elucidate how these resources affect fungal communities in an arable soil, a field experiment was set up with two plant species, maize and wheat. Resource availability was experimentally manipulated by maize litter input on one half of these maize and wheat plots after harvest in autumn. Fungal biomass was determined by ergosterol quantification, and community structure was investigated by fungal automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (F-ARISA). An annual cycle was assessed across a depth gradient, distinguishing three soil habitats: the plough layer, rooted soil below the plough layer, and deeper root-free soil. Fungal communities appeared highly dynamic and varied according to soil depth and plant resources. In the plough layer, the availability of litter played a dominant role in shaping fungal communities, whereas in the rooted layer below, community structure and biomass mainly differed between plant species. This plant effect was also extended into the root-free soil at a depth of 70 cm. In winter, the availability of litter also affected fungal communities in deeper soil layers, suggesting vertical transport processes under fallow conditions. These distinct resource effects indicate diverse ecological niches along the soil profile, comprising specific fungal metacommunities. The recorded responses to both living plants and litter point to a central role of fungi in connecting primary production and decomposition within the plant-soil system.