Majority of artificially lit Earth surface associated with the non-urban population
Majority of artificially lit Earth surface associated with the non-urban population
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156782
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发表时间：
2022-10-01
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Gaston, K. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cox, D. T. C.;de Miguel, A. Sanchez;Gaston, K. J.
它与人类密度的关系。ALAN通常主要被认为是一个城市问题，然而，尽管超过一半的人口已经城市化，但46%的人口没有居住在分散的小型定居点。在这里，我们确定的两个维度的ALAN，即直接排放（辐射）和天空辉光，和人类密度，以及这些关系如何在各大洲之间的全球关系。我们纠正了可见光红外成像辐射计套件日/夜波段（VIIRS DNB）产品的极光，天空辉光，气辉，极光和永久性冰雪代表向上辐射陆地上在1.61 * 2.12公里的分辨率仅从人工源。对于天空辉光，我们使用世界人造天空亮度地图集。在全球范围内（北纬59度和南纬55度之间），直接排放超过26.5%，天空辉光超过46.9%的土地面积。所有累积直接排放量的一半以上（54.9%）是由非城市人口排放的，而这些人口经历了所有累积天光的三分之二以上（69.8%）的负面影响。这强调了城市地区以外的ALAN的范围，以及它在这方面与其他一些形式的污染的相似性。虽然农村直接排放的强大来源（例如，工业、娱乐业）是光污染的重要贡献者，累积起来只占总直接排放量的10%。ALAN的每个维度与人口密度之间的关系因大陆而异，受到强大的农村排放，非城市人口和城市设计的驱动。这些关系反映了每个地区独特的社会经济和地理构成，并为城市地区和农村地区的光污染缓解战略提供了最佳目标。
ment is its relationship with human density. ALAN has often primarily been considered an urban issue, however although over half of the population is urbanized, the 46 % that are not inhabit a dispersed array of smaller settlements. Here, we determine the global relationships between two dimensions of ALAN, namely direct emissions (radiance) and skyglow, and human density, and how these relationships vary across continents. We correct the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite Day/Night Band (VIIRS DNB) product for albedo, skyglow, airglow, the aurora and permanent snow and ice to represent upward radiance overland at 1.61 * 2.12 km resolution from artificial sources only. For skyglow we use the World Atlas of Artificial Sky Brightness. Globally (between 59 degrees N and 55 degrees S), direct emissions were detected over 26.5 % and skyglow over 46.9 % of land area. Over half of all cumulative direct emissions (54.9 %) were emitted at low levels by the non-urban population, whilst these populations experienced the negative impacts of over two-thirds of all cumulative skyglow (69.8 %). This emphasises the extent of ALAN outside of urban areas, and its similarity in this regard to a number of other forms of pollution. Although powerful sources of rural direct emissions (e.g., industry, recreation) are important contributors of light pollution, cumulatively they only contributed 10 % to total direct emissions. The relationship between each dimension of ALAN and population density varied across continents, driven by powerful rural emissions, non-urban populations and urban design. These relationships reflect the unique socio-economic and geographical make-up of each region and inform on where best to target light pollution mitigation strategies, not only in urban areas but also in rural ones.