Toxic ignorance and right-to-know in biomonitoring results communication: a survey of scientists and study participants.
Toxic ignorance and right-to-know in biomonitoring results communication: a survey of scientists and study participants.
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DOI：
10.1186/1476-069x-8-6
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发表时间：
2009-02-28
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pérez C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Morello-Frosch R;Brody JG;Brown P;Altman RG;Rudel RA;Pérez C
暴露评估已从空气、土壤和水中的污染物监测转向个人暴露测量和生物监测。这种趋势加上许多所研究污染物的健康影响数据的缺乏，给向研究参与者报告结果提出了伦理和科学挑战。我们采访了 26 名参与生物监测研究的人士，包括学术科学家、环境倡导组织的科学家、IRB 官员和研究参与者；观察利益相关者讨论这些问题的会议；并回顾了相关文献，以评估有关个人暴露评估和生物监测的新兴伦理、科学和政策辩论，包括公众对有关人体化学负荷对人类健康影响的信息的需求。我们确定了个人暴露研究中报告反馈的三个框架：临床伦理学；以社区为基础的参与性研究；和公民科学“数据柔道”。第一种方法强调只有在已知暴露的健康意义时才报告结果，而后两种方法代表了新的沟通策略，其中研究参与者在解释、传播和利用结果来促进社区健康方面发挥作用。我们确定了规划未来生物监测研究时需要考虑的五个关键领域。关于个人暴露评估研究中沟通的公众审议表明，新形式的基于社区的研究伦理和参与性科学实践正在出现。
Exposure assessment has shifted from pollutant monitoring in air, soil, and water toward personal exposure measurements and biomonitoring. This trend along with the paucity of health effect data for many of the pollutants studied raise ethical and scientific challenges for reporting results to study participants. We interviewed 26 individuals involved in biomonitoring studies, including academic scientists, scientists from environmental advocacy organizations, IRB officials, and study participants; observed meetings where stakeholders discussed these issues; and reviewed the relevant literature to assess emerging ethical, scientific, and policy debates about personal exposure assessment and biomonitoring, including public demand for information on the human health effects of chemical body burdens. We identify three frameworks for report-back in personal exposure studies: clinical ethics; community-based participatory research; and citizen science 'data judo.' The first approach emphasizes reporting results only when the health significance of exposures is known, while the latter two represent new communication strategies where study participants play a role in interpreting, disseminating, and leveraging results to promote community health. We identify five critical areas to consider in planning future biomonitoring studies. Public deliberation about communication in personal exposure assessment research suggests that new forms of community-based research ethics and participatory scientific practice are emerging.