Spatiotemporal relationships between disease development and airborne inoculum in unmanaged and managed Botrytis leaf blight epidemics
Spatiotemporal relationships between disease development and airborne inoculum in unmanaged and managed Botrytis leaf blight epidemics
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DOI：
10.1094/phyto-98-1-0038
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Willocquet, L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carisse, O.;Savary, S.;Willocquet, L.
在空气传播的流行病过程中，空气传播的接种物和疾病强度之间的空间和时间关系的定量信息相对较少。葡萄孢菌叶枯病和灰霉病菌squamosa气载接种物进行了分析，在空间和时间在2年（2002年和2004年）在一个非保护性的实验领域，使用6 × 8格的10 × 10米每个样方。在2004年和2006年，在针对葡萄孢菌叶枯病管理的商业田地中，使用每个25 x 25 m的5 x 5格子的样方进行了类似的实验。每周监测每个样方的病变密度（LD）和气生分生孢子浓度（ACC）。泰勒幂律的调整表明，在LD和ACC的异质性普遍增加，平均值的增加。未管理的流行病的特点，在任何一年，聚集指数来自SADIE（空间分析距离指数）。对于LD，聚集指数表明在季节早期疾病的随机模式，其次是在第二部分的流行病的聚集模式。2002年行政协调会的综合指数只有一个日期显著大于I，而在2004年大多数抽样日期显著大于I。在这两年和两个变量，偏自相关的积极趋势，主要是观察到的空间滞后1。2002年，LD和ACC在采样日期上的偏自相关的总体模式相似，在流行的第一部分没有显著的偏自相关，随后是一个显著的正自相关的时期，在最后三个采样日期上也没有自相关。在2004年，LD在大多数采样日期没有显著的正相关，而ACC在采样日期上存在显著和非显著正相关之间的波动。在2002年和2004年的大多数采样日期，非管理和管理站点的给定日期的ACC（t（i））和1周后的LD（t（i+1））之间存在显着的空间相关性。因此，LD和ACC在发病初期，当疾病强度和空气中分生孢子浓度都较低时，不会聚集。这一点得到了来自商业领域的LD和ACC分析的支持，其中疾病的管理水平较低，并且没有检测到两个变量的聚集。它进一步得出结论，一个可靠的监测空气传播的接种物管理的葡萄孢叶枯病是可以实现的管理领域，每个领域使用几个孢子采样器。
Comparatively little quantitative information is available on both the spatial and temporal relationships that develop between airborne inoculum and disease intensity during the course of aerially spread epidemics. Botrytis leaf blight and Botrytis squamosa airborne inoculum were analyzed over space and time during 2 years (2002 and 2004) in a nonprotected experimental field, using a 6 x 8 lattice of quadrats of 10 x 10 m each. A similar experiment was conducted in 2004 and 2006 in a commercial field managed for Botrytis leaf blight using a 5 x 5 lattice of quadrats of 25 x 25 m each. Each quadrat was monitored weekly for lesion density (LD) and aerial conidium concentration (ACC). The adjustment of the Taylor's power law showed that heterogeneity in both LD and ACC generally increased with increasing mean. Unmanaged epidemics were characterized in either year, with aggregation indices derived from SADIE (Spatial Analysis by Distance Indices). For LD, the aggregation indices suggested a random pattern of disease early in the season, followed by an aggregated pattern in the second part of the epidemic. The index of aggregation for ACC in 2002 was significantly greater than I at only one date, while it was significantly greater than I at most sampling dates in 2004. In both years and for both variables, positive trends in partial autocorrelation were observed mainly for a spatial lag of 1. In 2002, the overall pattern of partial autocorrelations over sampling dates was similar for LD and ACC with no significant partial autocorrelation during the first part of the epidemic, followed by a period with significant positive autocorrelation, and again no autocorrelation on the last three sampling dates. In 2004, there was no significant positive autocorrelation for LD at most sampling dates while for ACC, there was a fluctuation between significant and non-significant positive correlation over sampling dates. There was a significant spatial correlation between ACC at given date (t(i)) and LD 1 week later (t(i+1)) on most sampling dates in both 2002 and 2004 for the unmanaged and managed sites. It was concluded that LD and ACC were not aggregated in the early stage of epidemics, when both disease intensity and airborne conidia concentration were low. This was supported by the analysis of LD and ACC from a commercial field, where managed levels of disease were low, and where no aggregation of both variables was detected. It was further concluded that a reliable monitoring of airborne inoculum for management of Botrytis leaf blight is achievable in managed fields using few spore samplers per field.