High-risk occupations for suicide.
High-risk occupations for suicide.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0033291712002024
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发表时间：
2013-06
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Lloyd K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roberts SE;Jaremin B;Lloyd K
高职业自杀率通常与容易获得自杀方法有关。这项研究旨在比较英国所有职业的自杀率，以及在过去30年中自杀率的变化，以及不同职业的社会经济群体自杀率的变化。我们使用了国家职业死亡率统计数据、基于人口普查的职业人口和死亡查询档案（1979-1980年、1982-1983年和2001-2005年）。主要结果指标为每10万人的自杀率、自杀率随时间的百分比变化、标准化死亡率（SMR）和比例死亡率（PMR）。1979-1980年和1982-1983年期间自杀率最高的几个职业（每10万人口），包括兽医（排名第一）、药剂师（第四）、牙医（第六）、医生（第十）和农民（第十三），都很容易获得自杀方法（药物或枪支）。到2001年至2005年，这些职业的自杀率都大幅下降，因此没有一个职业排在前30名。自杀率随时间显著上升的职业都是体力劳动职业，而自杀率下降的职业主要是专业或非体力劳动职业。按社会经济群体解释的自杀率变化几乎翻了一番，从1979-1980年和1982-1983年的11.4%增加到2001-2005年的20.7%。社会经济力量现在似乎是英国高职业自杀率的主要决定因素。由于体力劳动者自杀率的上升发生在经济繁荣时期，因此有针对性的自杀预防措施可能是有益的。
High occupational suicide rates are often linked to easy occupational access to a method of suicide. This study aimed to compare suicide rates across all occupations in Britain, how they have changed over the past 30 years, and how they may vary by occupational socio-economic group. We used national occupational mortality statistics, census-based occupational populations and death inquiry files (for the years 1979–1980, 1982–1983 and 2001–2005). The main outcome measures were suicide rates per 100 000 population, percentage changes over time in suicide rates, standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and proportional mortality ratios (PMRs). Several occupations with the highest suicide rates (per 100 000 population) during 1979–1980 and 1982–1983, including veterinarians (ranked first), pharmacists (fourth), dentists (sixth), doctors (tenth) and farmers (thirteenth), have easy occupational access to a method of suicide (pharmaceuticals or guns). By 2001–2005, there had been large significant reductions in suicide rates for each of these occupations, so that none ranked in the top 30 occupations. Occupations with significant increases over time in suicide rates were all manual occupations whereas occupations with suicide rates that decreased were mainly professional or non-manual. Variation in suicide rates that was explained by socio-economic group almost doubled over time from 11.4% in 1979–1980 and 1982–1983 to 20.7% in 2001–2005. Socio-economic forces now seem to be a major determinant of high occupational suicide rates in Britain. As the increases in suicide rates among manual occupations occurred during a period of economic prosperity, carefully targeted suicide prevention initiatives could be beneficial.