Long-term associations between early attachment and parenting and adolescent susceptibility to post-traumatic distress in a South African high-risk sample
Long-term associations between early attachment and parenting and adolescent susceptibility to post-traumatic distress in a South African high-risk sample
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DOI：
10.1111/jcpp.13930
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发表时间：
2023-12-18
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Tomlinson，Mark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haag，Katharina;Halligan，Sarah L.;Tomlinson，Mark
研究背景有人提出，生活在低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs）的儿童和青少年不仅更容易受到创伤，而且比生活在高收入国家（HIC）的儿童和青少年更有可能遇到更严重的创伤。这可能导致创伤后应激症状（PTSS）的发生率更高。然而，发展途径的风险或弹性创伤后暴露在LMICs underresearched.MethodsWe检查早期养育和附件作为潜在的重要形成因素，后来的压力反应在一个纵向队列的南非儿童（N= 449）。在孩子18个月时评估养育和依恋，在13岁时测量人际创伤暴露，PTSS和养育压力（N= 333;所有测量数据的核心样本：N= 213）。根据脆弱性-压力方法，运行单独的回归模型来调查18个月时的亲子依恋，12个月时玩耍时的父母敏感性和侵入性，以及13岁时的当前育儿压力，与青少年的人际创伤暴露程度相互作用，预测他们13岁时的PTSS水平。结果我们发现，早期依恋或当前的父母压力都没有预测作用关于儿童PTSS有一些证据表明，父母的早期侵入性和敏感性对青少年的结果有预测性影响，尽管后者的关联出乎意料地积极。没有相互作用的影响，支持一个脆弱性-压力model were found.ConclusionsOverall，我们发现有限的证据表明，早期亲子环境的元素预测儿童风险/弹性创伤LMIC儿童。未来的研究应包括对相关概念进行更频繁的评估，以捕捉随着时间的推移而发生的变化，并进一步考虑高风险环境中的适应性养育的组成部分。
BackgroundIt has been proposed that children and young people living in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) are not only exposed more frequently to trauma but also have a higher likelihood of encountering traumas of greater severity than those living in high‐income countries (HICs). This may lead to higher rates of post‐traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). However, developmental pathways to risk or resilience after trauma exposure in LMICs are underresearched.MethodsWe examined early parenting and attachment as potentially important formative factors for later stress reactivity in a longitudinal cohort of South African children (N= 449). Parenting and attachment were assessed at child age 18 months, and interpersonal trauma exposure, PTSS and parenting stress were measured at 13 years (N= 333; core sample with data on all measures:N= 213). Following a vulnerability‐stress approach, separate regression models were run to investigate whether parent–child attachment at 18 months, parental sensitivity and intrusiveness during play at 12 months, and current parenting stress at 13 years, interacted with adolescents' extent of interpersonal trauma exposure to predict their PTSS levels at 13 years.ResultsWe found no predictive effects of either early attachment or current parenting stress in relation to child PTSS. There was some evidence for predictive influences of parental early intrusiveness and sensitivity on adolescent outcomes, though associations were unexpectedly positive for the latter. No interaction effects supporting a vulnerability‐stress model were found.ConclusionsOverall, we found limited evidence that elements of the early parent–child environment predict child risk/resilience to trauma in LMIC children. Future studies should include more frequent assessments of relevant constructs to capture changes over time and consider further what comprises adaptive parenting in high‐risk contexts.