Recovery of Urea from Human Urine Using Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis
Recovery of Urea from Human Urine Using Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis
复制标题
DOI：
10.1021/acsestwater.2c00336
复制
发表时间：
2022-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lucas Crane;H. Ray;F. Perreault;Treavor H. Boyer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lucas Crane;H. Ray;F. Perreault;Treavor H. Boyer
尿素是一种高产化学品，在农业、交通和空气污染控制方面具有重要用途。尿液是一种废物，可以补充合成尿素的生产。本研究利用反渗透和纳滤（NF）分离技术从新鲜人尿中选择性地回收尿素。进行尿素渗透实验以确定通过 pH 调节和膜类型稳定尿素对尿素渗透和离子排斥的影响。进行结垢减轻实验以确定微滤预处理对减少膜结垢的功效。结果表明，NF90 生产的尿素产品比 BW30 更纯，渗透了 76% 的尿素，同时抑制了 68% 的电导率。 NF270 渗透 > 95% 的尿素，同时截留高达 82% 的磷，从而可以分离液流中的氮和磷。尿素稳定化不会降低尿素渗透或电导率抑制，这表明由于其易于应用，pH 5 作为合适的条件。尿液的微滤预处理减少了污垢厚度和渗透通量损失。
Urea is a high-production chemical with critical uses in agriculture, transportation, and air pollution control. Urine is a waste product that could supplement synthetic urea production. This study utilized reverse osmosis and nanofiltration (NF) separation to selectively recover urea from fresh human urine. Urea permeation experiments were conducted to determine the effects of urea stabilization via pH adjustment and membrane type on urea permeation and ion rejection. Fouling mitigation experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of microfiltration pretreatment on reducing membrane fouling. Results showed that NF90 produced a purer urea product than did BW30, permeating 76% of the urea while rejecting 68% of the conductivity. NF270 permeated >95% of urea while rejecting up to 82% of the phosphorus, allowing for the separation of nitrogen and phosphorus in liquid streams. Urea stabilization did not reduce urea permeation or conductivity rejection, signifying the use of pH 5 as a suitable condition due to its ease of application. Microfiltration pretreatment of urine reduced foulant thickness and permeate flux loss.