Are High-Poverty School Districts Disproportionately Impacted by State Funding Cuts?: School Finance Equity Following the Great Recession
Are High-Poverty School Districts Disproportionately Impacted by State Funding Cuts?: School Finance Equity Following the Great Recession
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高贫困学区是否受到国家资金削减的不成比例的影响？：大衰退后的学校财务公平
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
David S. Knight
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作者：
David S. Knight
大衰退导致全国各州大幅削减公共教育预算。因此，更严重依赖国家资金的地区-那些贫困学生更集中的地区-可能会受到大衰退资金削减的不成比例的影响;然而，很少有先前的研究探讨这个问题。这项研究探讨了如何国家学校财政系统应对经济衰退的资金削减平均全国。然后，该研究利用各州的具体数据来研究地方地区的税收模式，以应对州政府削减开支。该研究发现，（a）在大衰退之后，各州平均而言，高贫困地区经历了不公平的资金和人员削减比例;（B）各州基于收入的资金缺口变化各不相同;（c）在得克萨斯州，高贫困地区提高地方税率的速度快于低贫困地区;（d）得克萨斯州的资金缺口比其他43个州增加得多;（e）德克萨斯州学校财政系统内缺乏对设施资金的补贴和其他特质，使高贫困地区无法保持公平的资金水平，尽管税率的增加速度比其他类似的富裕地区更快;以及（f）提高德克萨斯州高贫困地区的资金将花费该州91亿美元，教育支出增加17%。该研究提供了学区如何受到经济衰退削减开支的影响以及它们如何应对的证据，并提供了恢复州教育预算的替代策略。
abstract:The Great Recession caused states around the country to make substantial budget cuts to public education. As a result, districts that rely more heavily on state funding – those with greater concentrations of students in poverty – may be disproportionately impacted by the Great Recession funding cuts; however, little prior research examines this issue. This study examines how state school finance systems responded to recessionary funding cuts on average nationally. The study then draws on state specific data to examine local district taxation patterns in response to state spending cuts. The study finds that (a) on average across states, high-poverty districts experienced an inequitable share of funding and staffing cuts following the Great Recession; (b) changes in the income-based funding gap varied across states; (c) higher-poverty districts increased local tax rates at a faster rate than low-poverty districts in Texas; and (d) the funding gap increased in Texas by more than in 43 other states; (e) lack of subsidies for facilities funding and other idiosyncrasies within the Texas school finance system prevented high-poverty districts from maintaining equitable funding levels, despite increasing tax rates at a faster rate than otherwise similar wealthier districts; and (f) leveling up funding for high-poverty districts in Texas would cost the state $9.1 billion, a 17% increase in education spending. The study provides evidence on how school districts were impacted by recessionary spending cuts and how they responded, and offers alternative strategies for restoring state education budgets.