The early life of king penguins: ontogeny of dive capacity and foraging behaviour in an expert diver.
The early life of king penguins: ontogeny of dive capacity and foraging behaviour in an expert diver.
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王企鹅的早期生活：专业潜水员的潜水能力和觅食行为的个体发育。
DOI：
10.1242/jeb.242512
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Y. Handrich
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Enstipp;C. Bost;C. Le Bohec;N. Chatelain;H. Weimerskirch;Y. Handrich
幼海鸟从陆地生活到海洋生活的解放时期伴随着许多挑战。除了寻找有利的觅食地点外，它们还必须发展有效的猎物搜索模式和生理能力，使它们能够捕获足够的猎物来满足它们的能量需求。潜水觅食的动物，如帝企鹅（Aptenodytes patagonicus），需要获得足够的屏气能力，使它们能够在深处定位和捕获猎物。为了研究其潜水能力和觅食性能的个体发生，我们在幼年王企鹅首次出海前和成年繁殖者身上植入了一个记录压力和温度的数据记录器。我们发现年幼的王企鹅在离开出生地时具有非凡的潜水能力，使它们能够在海上的第一周内进行100米的潜水。尽管如此，幼鱼的潜水/觅食表现与潜水深度的关系调查显示，在海洋的第一年里，幼鱼的潜水/觅食表现一直低于成年鱼的水平，这可能反映了由于不完全成熟而导致的生理限制。幼鱼的觅食深度明显较浅，尤其是在出海的头五个月，也可能表明觅食策略和目标猎物的差异。最初较大的摆动率表明幼鱼是机会主义的，并且与成年鱼相比，它们瞄准的猎物也不同，或者幼鱼的许多摆动反映了捕获猎物的失败尝试，表明觅食能力较低。5个月后，这种差异消失了，这表明幼鱼的身体已经足够成熟，觅食技能也有所提高。
The period of emancipation, when juvenile seabirds change from a terrestrial existence to a life at sea, is associated with many challenges. Apart from finding favourable foraging sites, they have to develop effective prey search patterns and physiological capacities that enable them to capture sufficient prey to meet their energetic needs. Animals that dive to forage, like king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus), need to acquire an adequate breath-hold capacity, allowing them to locate and capture prey at depth. To investigate the ontogeny of their dive capacity and foraging performance, we implanted juvenile king penguins before their first departure to sea and also adult breeders with a data-logger recording pressure and temperature. We found that juvenile king penguins possessed a remarkable dive capacity when leaving their natal colony, enabling them to conduct dives in access of 100 m within their first week at sea. Despite this, juvenile dive/foraging performance, investigated in relation to dive depth, remained below the adult level throughout their first year at sea, likely reflecting physiological limitations due to incomplete maturation. A significantly shallower foraging depth of juveniles, particularly during their first five months at sea, could also indicate differences in foraging strategy and targeted prey. The initially greater wiggle rate suggests that juveniles fed opportunistically and also targeted different prey than adults and/or that many wiggles of juveniles reflect unsuccessful prey-capture attempts, indicating a lower foraging proficiency. After five months, this difference disappeared, suggesting sufficient physical maturation and improvement of juvenile foraging skills.
南极洲东部幼年帝企鹅在海冰下的首次冒险
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Labrousse, S;Orgeret, F;Solow, AR;Barbraud, C;Bost, CA;Sallée, JB;Weimerskirch, H;Jenouvrier, S
通讯作者：
Jenouvrier, S